Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay - 1991 Words

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a disorder that is the result of a traumatic event. According to the national PTSD center in the U.S Department of Veterans Affairs, about 50% of women experience at least one trauma in their lives, traumas like Rape or child abuse are more common in women than in men. About 60% of men experience a trauma in their lives, traumas more related to physical assault, combat, disaster or witnessing a death. Post-Traumatic stress disorder can happen to anyone. In the United States about 8% of the population will have Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder at some point in their lives. A disorder similar to Post-Traumatic Stress disorder is Acute Stress Disorder the only difference is that a diagnosis for Acute Stress Disorder has to be given in the month following the traumatic event, for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder to be diagnosed the symptoms have to be recurrent for at least a month after the traumatic event. Good examples are some cases of Post-Traumatic Str ess Disorder like Maria and Joe a rape victim and a veteran both diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress disorder their symptoms and treatment. Also a case study for suicides involving veterans from the Vietnam war and Somalia peace keeping conflict, 4 veterans diagnosed with PTSD that committed suicide analyzing their major life events and the psychological factors that could have contributed to the suicide. Post-Traumatic Stress disorder can happen to anyone, it isn’t rare. In the UnitedShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. In a person not affected by post-traumatic stress disorder this response activates only in times of great stress or life threatening situations. â€Å"If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipatedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesYim – Human Stress 2 December 2014 PTSD in War Veterans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that is fairly common with individuals that have experienced trauma, especially war veterans. One in five war veterans that have done service in the Iraq or Afghanistan war are diagnosed with PTSD. My group decided to focus on PTSD in war veterans because it is still a controversial part of stressful circumstances that needs further discussion. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD amongst war

Essay about Analysis of Food Inc. - 944 Words

Food Inc. and the Media use the tools of social psychology to persuade and make its point. Documentary films are influential media tools that can be used to inform, persuade, and convict the public on many social topics on a continuous spectrum of troubles and struggle of the world. Some well-made documentaries have made impacts on people who watch them, and this is what the movies are they meant to do. The filmmakers have done their job if the movie has given a voice to a problem and a face to the issue that needs to be known. Eric Schlosser one of the film’s co-producer said it best in Food Inc., â€Å"The industry doesn’t want you to know the truth about what you’re eating, because if you knew, you might not want to eat†¦show more content†¦I learn so much about a subject that I may have heard about from the television or radio news, a newspaper, in a conversation or even in the classroom. I have spent hours on a subject matter that I may have n ever heard about. This is a part of my self-concept of finding me. The factor that influences my self-concept is, the social identity I am forming (Myers, 2010). I am searching for a more educated identity that cares about where my food comes from, who grew it, and what was used to help it grow. Food Inc. was made I trust to inform the public about a social dilemma in our country, which the government and â€Å"a small group of multinational corporations who control our entire food system from seed to the supermarket; they’re gaining the control of food† (Roush, 2008). Farmers who are contracted with these corporations are raising chickens in coops with no windows, no room to move they are being raised in half the time due to growth hormones. Scientists have changed the chicken’s bodies to have bigger breasts. These animals barely exist to produce food for disengaged and uninformed people. This film was a hard film to watch, because I can no longer claim t o live in my ignorant bliss. The person that I am, the self I have been looking for has to make a change, for me, and my family. I need to respond toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Food Inc.1594 Words   |  7 PagesStudies have shown that many people all over the world are unaware of where their food comes from. When an individual goes to consume a food product, he or she could be completely oblivious to the methods of manufacture, processing, packaging or transportation gone into the production of the food item. It is often said that ‘ignorance is bliss’ – perhaps this rings true in the case of food, its origins and its consumption as well. In such a scenario, eating well could seem like an unlikely prospectRead MoreAnalysis of Kraft Foods Inc.4016 Words   |  17 PagesAnalysis of Kraft Foods Inc. Executive Summary The following report is an evaluation of Kraft Foods Inc. from both an internal and external perspective using fundamental and technical analysis. Kraft Foods Inc. is a worldwide food company operating within the Packaged Foods industry. With annual revenues in excess of $49 billion they are the second largest firm in the industry, controlling 8% of the total market. Fundamental analysis reveals that Kraft is a healthy company with growing revenuesRead MoreAnalysis Of Conagra Foods, Inc.2169 Words   |  9 PagesConAgra Foods, Inc. has owned and operated the subsidiary Watts Brothers Farms for approximately 8 years. Watts Brothers Farms consists of a 20,000 acre farm producing rotational vegetable crops, a 2,750 head dairy farm, a 150 million pound frozen vegetable processing facility, and a cold storage/custom packaging center. Watts Brothers Farms is a vertically integrated sustainable farming operation. The farm unit is primarily focused on the production of potatoes, sweet corn, peas, and carrotsRead MoreMovie Analysis : Food Inc1897 Words   |  8 PagesFilm Analysis Paper- Food Inc Food Inc is a documentary directed and written by Robert Kenner along with co-writers Elise Pearlstein and Kim Roberts in 2008 to discuss the current origin of food production in the United States. This film takes viewers inside the slaughter houses, farms and factories that produce American food to show how food in the 21st century is no longer organically grown and raised for healthy eating. Instead it is now controlled, mutilated, and produced in large quantitiesRead MoreEssay on Food Inc - Rhetorical Analysis1329 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis – Food Inc. ‘Food Inc’, is an informative, albeit slightly biased, documentary that attempts to expose the commercialisation and monopolisation of the greater food industry. The film attempts to show the unintended consequences resulting from this, and for the most part this technique is very effective; however there is an overreliance on pathos in lieu of facts and statistics at times. ‘Food Inc’ starts off with a camera moving slowly through supermarket shelves withRead MoreAnalysis Of Watching Food Inc.1396 Words   |  6 PagesWatching Food Inc. movie was a deception and a horrifying experience on what is happening in the food industry in the U.S. After spending time on some of resources like The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on food safety, The National Food Processors’ Association that are in place to protect farmer’s industry and food consumers, to find out these agencies like are not protecting farmers nor are protecting food consumers in the U.S; and to learn about big corporations like Tyson Foods, Monsanto thatRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Food Inc.1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthey need to do to stay ahead of the competition. So unfortunately exchanges like this come with the territory and it happens across all industries including the food industry. In the 2008 documentary Food Inc. examples of duped exchanges within the f ood industry are on display, and while I believe there is no place for them within the food industry or the market for that matter it happens anyway due to consumers being led astray by companies. When consumers walk into the grocery store it is difficultRead MoreFood Inc Film Analysis1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years than in the previous than in the previous 10 thousand. - Michael Pollan (Food Inc). The film entitled Food Inc is a documentary piece by Robert Kenner on the Food industry in America and the History which Lead the industry to where it is now and everyone who is affected by these changes. As a 22 year old college athlete it has never been at a more crucial time to keep track of my meals throughout the day. After a two hour training session the clockRead MoreSwot Analysis Fist in Show Pet Food Inc1492 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: SWOT ANALYSIS - FIST IN SHOW PET FOOD INC SWOT Analysis - Fist in Show Pet Food Inc Marketing Strategies SWOT Analysis - Fist in Show Pet Food Inc Fist in Show Pet Food Inc SWOT Analysis Internal Strengths and Weaknesses SWOT | Sales Force | Marketing Mix | Advertising | R/D | Segmentation | Offerings | Internal Strengths | Administrators and sales personnel at First in Show Pet Foods, Inc have acquired the necessary knowledge and experience from being a majorRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Documentary Food, Inc, By Robert Kenner1040 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of The Documentary Food, Inc. Food Inc, is a documentary made by Robert Kenner, based on the book Fast Food Nation, written by Eric Schlosser. Kenner uses a variety of strategies in order to convey the message that our food system harms our health, workers, animals, and the environment, and expresses that a great deal of information is hidden from consumers. The filmmaker uses juxtaposition and emotional imagery, personal interviews, as well as particular cinematic techniques

Ch 18 Free Essays

Chapter 18 Ethers Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides Assigned Reading from McMurry: Read Sections 18. 1 through 18. 9; not responsible for â€Å"Focus on †¦ Epoxy Resins Adhesives, pp. We will write a custom essay sample on Ch 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 697-698). Recommended Problems from McMurry: 18. 1a-e;18. 18. 2;18. 3a-d; 18. 4; 18. 5a-d; 18. 6a-b; 18. 7a-b; 18. 8; 18. 9; 18. 10; 18. 11; 18. 12a,b; 18. 13a,b; 18. 14a-c; 18. 16a-f; 18. 17; 18. 18; 18. 19a-c; 18. 20; 18. 21; 18. 22; 18. 23a-e; 18. 24a-I; 18. 25a-f; 18. 26a-d; 18. 27; 18. 28; 18. 29ad; 18. 30a-e; 18. 31; 18. 32; 18. 33; 18. 34; 18. 35a-d; 18. 36; 18. 37; 18. 38; 18. 39; 18. 40a,b; 18. 41a-d; 18. 2; 18. 43; 18. 44; 18. 45; 18. 45; 18. 46; 18. 47; 18. 48; 18. 49; 18. 51; 18. 52; 18. 53; 18. 54; 18. 551-e; 18. 56; 18. 57; 18. 58a-b; 18. 59a-b; 18. 60; 18. 61. 18. 1 Names and Properties of Ethers Method A: Simple ethers; alphabetize if two organic substituents. CH3–CH2–O–CH2–CH3 Diethyl ether Methyl propyl ether O CH3–CH2–CH2–O–CH3 CH3 Methyl phenyl ether SP 18. 01 Provide systematic names for the following ethers. CH3–CH2–O–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 O SP 18. 02 Provide structures for the following systematic names. Systematic name: Isopropyl phenyl ether Systematic name: Cyclohexyl ethyl ether Method B: Other functional groups present, ether component is an â€Å"alkoxy† substituent. Alkoxy examples: methoxy -OCH3, ethoxy -OCH2CH3, propoxy -OCH2CH2CH3, etc. O C H3 O CH3 O C H3 para-Dimethoxybenzene 3-Methoxy-1-cyclopentene SP 18. 03 Provide systematic names for the following complex ethers. OCH3 O CH2CH3 Cl SP 18. 04 Provide structures for the following systematic names. Systematic name: meta-Bromopropoxybenzene Systematic name: 1-Isopropoxycyclopentene 18. 2 Synthesis of Ethers The Williamson Ether Synthesis R + O an alkoxide C X R SN2 an alkyl halide methyl 1o best; X = Cl, Br, I, OTos O C ether product Example: O Na + Sodium phenoxide CH3 Br O CH3 Phenyl methyl ether (anisole) + Na Br + X SP 18. 05 Complete the following reactions. CH3 CH3 C O Na + CH3 I + Na I CH3 CH3 CH3 C CH3 I + Na O CH3 + Na I SP 18. 06 Provide the suitable alkoxide and alkyl halide necessary to produce 2-ethoxy-2-methyl butane in good yield. CH3 CH3 CH2 C O CH3 CH2 CH3 + Na Br 8. 4 Oxymercuration Intermediates †¢ For laboratory-scale hydration of an alkene †¢ †¢ Use mercuric acetate in THF followed by sodium borohydride Markovnikov orientation – via mercurinium ion Alkoxymercuration of Alkenes General Reaction: R C C 2) NaBH4 H C R Ether Alkene RO Step #1 RO C 1) Hg(OAc)2, ROH H g OA c C C Step #2 R + HOAc Markovnikov addition SP 18. 07 Complete the following reactions by displaying the final major organic product. H C 1) Hg(OAc)2, CH3OH H C 2) NaBH4 H CH3 CH3 C C H CH3 1) Hg(OAc)2, CH3OH 2) NaBH4 SP 18. 08 Specify the alkene and alcohol needed to produce the following ether. Alcohol OCH2CH3 1) Hg(OAc)2, CH3 2) NaBH4 Alkene 18. 3 Reactions of Ethers: Acidic Ether Cleavage General Reaction: HX C O C C OH + X C (strong acid) Ether Alcohol Alkyl halide SP 18. 09 Predict the product for the following ether-cleavage reaction. CH3 CH3 C O CH3 HBr CH2CH3 8. 4 Reactions of Ethers: Claisen Rearrangement O OH 1,3 O to C shift Thermodynamically more stable o 250 Allyl phenyl ether C9H10O ortho-Allyl phenol C9H10O Mechanism (involves six-membered transition state): 1 O TS 2 3 1 O 2 H keto-enol tautomerization 3 O H SP 18. 10 Predict the structure for the following Claisen rearrangement. O o 250 2-Butenyl phenyl ether C10H12O 18. 5 Cyclic Ethers: Epoxides (2 methods) General Reaction 1: O C C + R Alkene C O O O O C H A peracid C An epoxide R C O A carboxylic acid Specific Example 1: O Cl C O O H m-CPBA o H O O + CH2Cl2, 25 C H 1,2-Epoxycycloheptane Cl H C O H 18. Cyclic Ethers: Epoxides (2 methods) General Reaction 2: C OH X2, H2O C C C X A halohydrin Alkene O NaOH H2O C + H2O + NaX C An epoxide Review Section 7. 3 Specific Example 2: H CH3 C C H CH3 cis-2-Butene Br2 H2O H CH3 Br C OH C H CH3 NaOH H2O O HC CH3 C H + H2O + NaBr CH3 meso-2,3-Dimethyl-oxirane (or cis-2,3-epoxybutane) SP 18. 11 Fill in the appropriate intermediates showing the correct stereochemistry. H CH3 C C CH3 Br2 NaOH H H2O H2O trans-2-Butene + H2O + NaBr 18. 6 Reactions of Epoxides: Ring-Opening General epoxide structure: O C Since each atom is sp3 there is considerable angle strain in the epoxide ring-system. C Acidic Conditions: Epoxide opening under acidic conditions (aqueous acid) yields 1,2-diols General Reaction: H H O O C H C HO C H2O An epoxide C OH A 1,2-diol (glycol) H O C H C + O H H O C + C H O H H O H Specific Example (using symmetrical epoxide): H + H H3O OH H2O OH O H H trans-1,2-Cyclohexanediol SP 18. 12 Predict the correct structure of the product diol showing the correct stereochemistry. O H CH3 C C CH3 H trans-2,3-epoxybutane H3O+ H2O Note: Epoxide opening under anhydrous acidic conditions yields halohydrins. Specific Example (2 ° and 1 ° carbons): o 1 carbon o 2 carbon O CH3 H C C H H 1,2-Epoxypropane OH HCl Et2O CH3 C Cl CH2 Cl + CH3 H 1-Chloro-2-propanol (90%) C CH2 OH H 2-Chloro-1-propanol (10%) SP 18. 13 Using the above model predict the major halohydrin. O H C H C HCl H Et2O O H C C H H HCl OH C Et2O H Cl CH2 Cl + C CH2 OH H Explanation: In cases where a 2 ° carbon and a 1 ° carbon form the epoxide ring, the major halohydrin product will be the one where the incipient alcohol is 2 ° and the halide is 1 °. Upon protonation of the epoxide oxygen the halide ion simple attacks the less-hindered 1 ° carbon with a greater frequency to give the major regioisomer. Specific Example (3 ° and 1 ° carbons): SP 18. 4 Using the above model predict the major halohydrin. Circle one. O C C H H HCl OH C Et2O + C H Cl Cl H C OH C H H Explanation: In cases where a 3 ° carbon and a 1 ° carbon form the epoxide ring, the major halohydrin product will be the one where the incipient alcohol is 1 ° and the halide is 3 °. Upon protonation of the epoxide oxygen the halogen attacks the more-stabilized (same as moresubstituted) carbon atom to give the major regioisomer described. Basic Conditions: Note: Nucleophile will always attack least-hindered position. Specific Example: o 3 carbon 1o carbon O CH3 CH3 C C H H OH NaOH H2O, ? CH3 C CH2 OH CH3 -Methyl-1,2-propanediol SP 18. 15 Predict the structure of the 1,2-diol from the following reaction. O C C H H NaOH H2O, ? Reaction with Grignard Reagents: O CH3 CH3 C C H H OH 1) CH3CH2MgBr, Et2O 2) (aq) NH4Cl CH3 C CH2 CH3 CH2 CH3 SP 18. 16 Predict the structure of the organic product from the following Grignardepoxide reaction. O H C C H H 1) CH3MgBr, Et2O 2) (aq) NH4Cl Reaction with a 1 ° amine: O H C OH CH2 H H2NCH2CH2CH3 C CH2 N CH2 CH2 H Reaction with a 2 ° amine: O H C OH H H3C CH2 + N H3C H C CH2 N CH3 CH3 CH3 SP 18. 17 Predict the structure of the epoxide and amine needed to generate the amino alcohol shown to the right. OH + CH3 C CH3 Epoxide Amine CH2 N H 18. 7 Crown Ethers †¢ Large rings consisting of repeating (-OCH2CH2-) or similar units †¢ Named as x-crown-y – x is the total number of atoms in the ring – y is the number of oxygen atoms – 18-crown-6 ether: 18-membered ring containing 6 oxygen atoms †¢ Central cavity is electronegative and attracts cations 18. 8 Thiols and Sulfides †¢ Thiols (RSH), are sulfur analogues of alcohols – Named with the suffix -thiol – SH group is called â€Å"mercapto group† (â€Å"capturer of mercury†) Thiols: Formation and Reaction †¢ From alkyl halides by displacement with a sulfur nucleophile such as –SH The alkylthiol product can undergo further reaction with the alkyl halide to give a symmetrical sulfide, giving a poorer yield of the thiol Sulfides †¢ Sulfides (RSR? ), are sulfur analogues of ethers – Named by rules used for ethers, with sulfide in place of ether for sim ple compounds and alkylthio in place of alkoxy Using Thiourea to Form Alkylthiols †¢ Thiols can undergo further reaction with the alkyl halide to give dialkyl sulfides †¢ For a pure alkylthiol use thiourea (NH2(C=S)NH2) as the nucleophile †¢ This gives an intermediate alkylisothiourea salt, which is hydrolyzed cleanly to the alkyl thiourea Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides Reaction of an alkyl thiol (RSH) with bromine or iodine gives a disulfide (RSSR) †¢ The thiol is oxidized in the process and the halogen is reduced Sulfides †¢ Thiolates (RS? ) are formed by the reaction of a thiol with a base †¢ Thiolates react with primary or secondary alkyl halide to give sulfides (RSR’) †¢ Thiolates are excellent nucleophiles and react with many electrophiles Sulfides as Nucleophiles †¢ Sulfur compounds are more nucleophilic than their oxygen-compound analogues – 3p valence electrons (on S) are less tightly held than 2p electrons (on O) â⠂¬ ¢ Sulfides react with primary alkyl halides (SN2) to give rialkylsulfonium salts (R3S+) Oxidation of Sulfides †¢ Sulfides are easily oxidized with H2O2 to the sulfoxide (R2SO) †¢ Oxidation of a sulfoxide with a peroxyacid yields a sulfone (R2SO2) †¢ Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is often used as a polar aprotic solvent 18. 9 Spectroscopy of Ethers †¢ Infrared: C–O single-bond stretching 1050 to 1150 cm? 1 overlaps many other absorptions. †¢ Proton NMR: H on a C next to ether O is shifted downfield to ? 3. 4 to ? 4. 5 – The 1H NMR spectrum of dipropyl ether shows this signal at ? 3. 4 – In epoxides, these H’s absorb at ? 2. 5 to ? 3. 5 in their 1H NMR spectra Carbon NMR: C’s in ethers exhibit a downfield shift to ? 50 to ? 80 Let’s Work a Problem When 2-methyl-2,5-pentanediol is treated with sulfuric acid, dehydration occurs and 2,2dimethyltetrahydrofuran is formed. Suggest a mechanism for this reaction. Which of the t wo oxygen atoms is most likely to be eliminated and why? Answer First, there is protonation of the 3? –OH group, then a 3? carbocation is formed via loss of H2O. Then there is a nucleophilic attack of the carbocation by the 2nd –OH group. The 3? OH group is the one eliminated in all likelihood because its removal involves the formation of the more stable 3? carbocation. How to cite Ch 18, Papers

Living with a host family Essay Example For Students

Living with a host family Essay There are several reasons which make me believe that living with a host family is the best chose when studying abroad. Host family is a family which a student pays for living with-often when studying abroad. First, Practice a foreign language with native speakers in their day-to-day make students learns the language faster. Improving his English is also one of the benefits. Second, a guest student will learn a lot of new things and skills by share in the daily life and experiences of the family and immerse himself in that familys culture. Also he will learn how to be responsible by depending upon him. Other skill is communicated with different people with different culture by introducing him to families, friends, and neighbors. On the other hand, some people may say that a student who lives with a host family will feel homesick. In fact, most host families make their foreign students a part of the family by given the opportunity to share in conversation and daily activities. So when students are sick or perhaps simply homesick, a loving host family, ready to provides advice and offer moral support for the student who would otherwise be alone. Lastly it can be seen clearly that Living abroad with a host family can be very, very good. Student can make new friends, see new places and immerse himself thoroughly in a new culture complete with local languages and slang. It also can give students experience and teach him how to be responsible. Living with a host family is full of advantage.

Fast Food Essay free essay sample

Thinking back on this week, what are the meals that you have eaten? Were these meals home cooked or were they from a fast food restaurant? There are around 160,000 fast food restaurants in the United States (Pew Research Center), but do these restaurants control how you think or how you feel? No, they do not. Obesity in America should not be blamed on these fast food restaurants. I believe that it is solely America’s fault for being obese. Many say advertising has a play in what people eat, but I disagree. I see car advertisements and clothing advertisements, but do I go out and buy a new car and blame the car company for my being broke? No. That is why I agree with Mary Maxfield’s: Food as Thought: Resisting the Moralization of Eating. I understand that America today is a fast paced society and sometimes people may not have time to cook a full on five star meal. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The least people can do is run by their local grocery store, pick up a few ingredients and make a quick homemade recipe. Don’t spoil yourself and your family with the toxins and chemicals fast food companies put in their food. Pick up a carrot! Mary Maxwell starts off with talking about people in France and what they eat. (â€Å"How do French people eat so unhealthily-famously indulging in cheese, cream, and wine-but stay on average, healthier than Americans? †) The problem here in America is that people here do not eat in moderation. People want to eat whatever they want whenever they want and expect to stay â€Å"thin†. Well, according to David Zinczenko’s: Don’t Blame the Eater, a salad at one of theses fast food restaurants contains chicken that is 150 calories; excluding almonds and other things already in the salad. The salad’s final calorie count totals out to be 620. That sounds a like a pretty unhealthy salad. If people want to eat junk, then they should expect to look like junk. Also, people’s view of â€Å"thin† or what is considered to be healthy or look good varies. Most people go by a BMI, which is the medical world’s opinion (Resisting the Moralization of Eating). I don’t think it is wrong to eat fast food nor should people stop eating it; I just think that if you eat it and you still want to look â€Å"thin† or be â€Å"healthy†, take responsibly for your  actions and exercise, or like I said earlier; eat in moderation. Fast food IS like the new tobacco here. People are addicted to this garbage and it’s saddening. It does nothing good for you. In fact, fast food can mess up your metabolism, cause gastritis, an ulcer, etc. It’s more of a health issue than it is anything else. The buns on a McDonald’ hamburger contain BHT (Cook). BHT is a neurotoxin that is toxic to the brain and to the eyes (Cook). What many people do not take into consideration, though are the healthy choices that some restaurants offer. People should take advantage of what the Internet can do and move some finger muscles and look up these fast food restaurants’ menus! McDonald’s of course does not offer any healthy alternatives being that their salad comes out to a total of 620 calories, but, Subway offers nutritious breakfast, lunch and dinner options. At subway a breakfast can contain to around twelve grams of fat, but, at McDonald’s, you could be eating thirty-five grams of fat! The information is right there and is available to everyone. If someone does not own a computer, all they have to do is walk into the restaurant and request a nutrition menu. People walk around with the mindset â€Å"ignorance is bliss†, but they don’t want to have to deal with the consequences that come along with that mindset. One of the best things that I read in these essays came out of Mary Maxfield’s essay; â€Å"In essence, we can eat as we always have-which includes eating for emotional or social reasons-and still survive or even thrive. I think what Mary is saying is that everyone can eat what they want, but people should eat in moderation and should not be oblivious to the facts and to what they are actually eating. According the essay Don’t Blame the Eater, kids are suing McDonald’s for their obesity. In my opinion, that is just plain nonsense. As I stated earlier, it should not be blamed on the fast food companies and it should not be blamed on the kids either in this situation. The parents should be the ones to blame. Being a parental figure, a child is going to look up to you. What you eat, they are going to want to eat. What choices you make, will likely be their choices in the future. In the advertisement that I watched, it was a mother with a drug needle and she was going to inject her son, but the son was really eating a burger from a fast food restaurant. The ad said â€Å"You wouldn’t inject your children with junk, so why are you feeding it to them? † I agree with this ad one hundred percent. Most people know that fast food restaurants are not the healthiest choice for them and their children. So why do they keep going back to it? Why would someone want to lead his or her child into the life of obesity? In conclusion, I strongly disagree that the fast food companies should be held responsible. Americans should be held responsible for their choices. The fast food companies are not forcing them to eat their food four to five times a week. Also, if someone chooses to eat fast food frequently, they should educate themselves on what actually goes into their food. People eat this junk of their own free will. Although I am guilty of eating the garbage that these places call â€Å"food†, I will not sit here and blame the companies for my choices. Fast Food Essay free essay sample Why People Eat Fast Food Many people in United States eat fast food daily. Is not a mistery that processed food is bad for health, but, if everyone knows that why is fast food so popular? In the textbook Fast Food Nation written by Eric Schlosser he shows that franchising is a good kind of business for the companies, they make money only because of their name. The fast food market is growing in United Staes year by year, and people do not realize that they are giving money to lose health. Today, places like Del Taco, Carls Jr. nd Jack-In-The-Box are opening franchises every month and, as a matter of fact, they are making tons of money by doing that. Everytime and everywhere there is people hungry who do not care about their health. There are many reasons why people should stop eating junk food, but they keep eating because of avaliability, lack of time, taste and sometimes price. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Almost every city in United States has a fast food place opened nowadays. The bad food is always avaliable and it is hard to not eat because those places sell really tasty food. Another fact that makes people eat in fast food places everyday is lack of time. Many people have to work full time, and when they get home they still have to deal with kids, wife or husband, work issues or they just do not have energy to cook and clean the dishes. Fast food turns the best option since they only have to eat. First of all, United States became a place that has fast food restaurants in every corner. An example of this is our college area. Getting out of RCC, if you turn right in Magnolia Avenue there is a Carls jr. If you decide have to go left, around two miles away there is another Carls Jr. But this time in the company of Little Ceasers and Subway. On 14th street, parallel from RCC, there is a Jack-In-The-Box and Del Taco. So, when people are hungry they will for sure see those restaurants and sometimes it is hard not to eat since their food is really tasty. In the Livestrong website, the author Martin Green states Fast food outlets are everywhere in America. There are now more than 85,000 of them. In 1970, Americans spent $6 billion on fast food. By 2000, this had shot up to $110 billion. The New York Times says junk food is as American as apple pie. The fast food market expanded due to business reasons and today is really famous because of the advertisement. Nowadays is impossible to watch a tv show without see any fast food advertisement. Second, lack of time makes people eat fast food. Most of americans work full time and the work they have to do not stop when they get home. Our English 1A professor, James Dail, used himself as an example. In class he described one day that he arrived home tonight and still had to grade our essays and do a bunch of things. The best option for him and most americans is to eat in a fast food restaurant, by doing this they will be saving time to cook and wash the dishes. Also, eat in fast food restaurants at lunch is almost a tradition for workers. Most of them have only 40 minutes to have lunch. So, the only option is to order something fast to eat. The Im too busy to cook line was more popular among people with college degrees than people with less education. (Hitti 1) Which means that people who has a career and a job are more likely to eat fast food. Third, who does not enjoy a hamburguer? Who does not want to pay only five bucks for a large and delicious pizza? To go to a restaurant with friends to talk and enjoy the moment became a cultural thing in United States. Always when I go to fast food restaurants I see groups of friends eating together and laughing. I do it at least once in a week. People seem happy in those places. To go eat with friends already became a thing to do in America. Another point that makes people addicted to those places is the taste of the food. Ok, they are not healthy. On the other hand they are really tasty. The desire to eat tasty food is a human nature and nobody can stay away from this. Even the most worried about health person eat sometimes or already ate in fast food restaurants. The fast food market will always be good, since they sell tasty food. There is no doubt that fast food has been a part of our lives. As for me, even though i know its not good to us, I also like it especially McDonalds I think its delicious what I can do now is just to control myself. (Anne 1) It is hard not to agree with Tina Anne, the author of Why is the Fast Food so Popular? Even though fast food is bad for health, people will eat. I consider myself as a person with healthy habits. I play tennis, workout and try to eat healthy food. But sometimes is just impossible not to eat a hamburguer or a pizza. Also, junk food is cheap. As an example of this, Del Taco sells tacos for less than one dollar on tuesdays and thursdays. To sum up, to eat fast food is definitely not a healthy habit. The reasons why their market still growing are avaliability, time to eat, taste and price. As the days are passing people is spending more money in fast food because more and more they will see franchises opened in every corner, selling tasty food. To open a fast food franchise is almost always a good way to invest money. The reason why almost all restaurants are sussessful is because food is something that everyone needs all the time, and most americans do not care about their health. So, they eat in the most convenient place. So, what’s the point of all of this. The point is that convenience is often the driving factor for people when they make spending choices. They will spend more money and sacrifice other factors such as healthiness in order to maximize convenience. Claims Trent, the author of Fast Food, Convenience and Money. By eating in those restaurants people will have more free time, sometimes spend les s money and will never have to learn how to cook or wash the dishes. Unfortunately, a lot of people today think like this in United States. Which is a very bad way to think. Works cited: Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston: Mariner /Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. Print. Green, Martin. Reasons Why People Eat Junk Food Over Healthy Food. LIVESTRONG. COM. N. p. , 27 Feb. 2011. Web. 07 May 2013. . Hitti, Miranda. Top 11 Reasons for Fast Foods Popularity. WebMD. WebMD, 02 Dec. 2008. Web. 07 May 2013. . Anne, Tina. Why Is The Fast Food So Popular? Articlesbase. com. Articlesbase. com, 02 Feb. 2010. Web. 07 May 2013. . Trent. Fast Food, Convenience, and Money. The Simple Dollar Fast Food Convenience and Money Comments. N. p. , 13 Dec. 2011. Web. 07

Tips for perfect proofreading - Emphasis

Tips for perfect proofreading Tips for perfect proofreading Its turned into proofing week here at the Emphasis blog. In this final part, we aim to finish turning you into mistake-spotting machines. How Stocking up on red pens is just the beginning. Follow these tips to ensure you always prove your proofreading prowess. Proofread in the morning if you can if youre tired, youre more likely to miss things. Proofread at least twice once for sense, once for technical accuracy. Read backwards for typos so youre not distracted by the meaning of the words. Use a blank sheet of paper to cover material not yet proofed and point to each word as you go. Print documents off to proofread its much more effective than trying to do it onscreen. [Note: If, however, your office or personal policy is to minimise printing for the sake of the environment, at least use a pen or pencil to point to each word onscreen as you go.] What Look out for: clusters of mistakes: the elation of spotting one may lead you to miss the one right next to it repetition of words particularly split over two lines commonly mixed up words, eg there and their, or principle and principal little words big words draw the eye brackets and speech marks is the second one in the right place? And finally Here are a few clarifying pointers inspired by the challenge worth raising: Its very easy to overlook titles, subtitles and headings, or subject lines in email (particularly as they wont be spellchecked). Dont! There was a howler in this one. Depending on your companys style, you may not need to put a comma after the salutation and sign off in letters and emails. If you do use them, be consistent ie use them after both Its only needs an apostrophe when its short for it is or it has. When it shows possession, it doesnt have one. If youre having trouble placing an apostrophe in a less-than-familiar construction (eg each others work), just reverse it like so: the work of each other (not others). So here it needs to go after the r. Youd only put a full stop or any other punctuation inside a bracket if the brackets contain a full sentence. If they contain an aside, the punctuation will be outside. For example: From now on, lets make sure that nothing is sent out without first being proofread (this includes email). Happy proofing!

Using McEwan, A., & Tsey, K. (2009) as a starting point, explain the Essay

Using McEwan, A., & Tsey, K. (2009) as a starting point, explain the importance of spirituality in a social and emotional wellbeing framework as described in current literature - Essay Example They suffer the consequences of European settlements and have high death rates and lower life expectancy compared to other Australians. In spite of these setbacks, their spirituality is deeply rooted in their culture and the land enabling them to have high social and emotional wellbeing (UN Chronicle, 2010). Spirituality among the aboriginals is believed to play important roles in their well being. First, is healing which is part of family and personal health (Gorsuch, 2002). For instance, when an individual is sick, he/she can communicate with the ancestors who have passed on to receive strength. They can also receive mental, emotional and physical healing from their religion. Mental health includes issues such as trauma, parental neglect, depression, suicide and self harm which affect individuals and families throughout their Lifecycle. Therefore, recognizing spirituality is critical to Aboriginal wellbeing and an important factor in developing and implementing health promotion and preventive projects (McLennan et al, 2004). Protection is also a point of consideration in their spirituality. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people depend on spirituality for protection. They believe that it protects people from problems by giving them skills and solutions. Also, it unites people, protect the children by being responsible and offers guidance (McEwan et al, 2008). Spirituality also plays a major role in promoting unity. It brings about family and community unity and wellbeing. Children and adults can consult the elders who are living and those who have passed on concerning issues of peace, conflicts, and problems. A perfect example is the high number of youth committing suicide in the community in order to pass a message to the ancestors and spirits. This brings about a cohesive community and enables each person to take responsibility in family and community life (Commonwealth of Australia, 2000). It also helps in solving

Sonnet 130 vs. Dim Lady Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sonnet 130 vs. Dim Lady - Essay Example We find in both poems how the man finds something special from his loved one. Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 130† is in iambic pentameter. It has a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg. Lines one and three uses the words, â€Å"sun† and â€Å"dun†, lines two and four make use of â€Å"red† and â€Å"head†, lines five and seven â€Å"white† and â€Å"delight†, lines six and eight â€Å"cheeks† and â€Å"reeks†, lines nine and eleven â€Å"know† and â€Å"go†, lines ten and twelve â€Å"sound† and â€Å"ground†, and lines thirteen and fourteen â€Å"rare† and â€Å"compare†. The sentences used by Shakespeare are not choppy and the sentence structures are smooth flowing. Flowery language is not employed; in fact, it is contrary to the usual conventions of love poetry. Mullen’s â€Å"Dim Lady† on the other hand, does not have a rhyme scheme. There is no meter and verse l ineation unlike â€Å"Sonnet 130† The level of diction used by Mullen is slang in a way and more contemporary. She used the words â€Å"peepers† to mean eyes, â€Å"noggin† to mean head and â€Å"mug† to mean face. She also used commercial brands to compare the physical characteristics of the woman. Brands such as Shakey’s, Slinky, Liquid Paper, Muzak, Twinkie and Red Lobster were used. Several similes and metaphors are used in both poems.

How recent films ask us to think about the relation of the image to Essay

How recent films ask us to think about the relation of the image to memory - Essay Example Director, Alian Resnais adopted a stylistic approach to impart a history lesson of critical significance by portraying concentration camps in Nazi Germany. Perhaps, this documentary is most difficult to watch due to the appalling and gruesome footage (Barsam). The movie is unlike the usual films based on Holocaust, which accentuated the sheer size of one the greatest inhumanity or personalized the story by depicting affected individuals. It concedes how futile it is to assess the scale of the tragedy and does not count on sentiments. Rather, it presents complex queries about memory and responsibility in relation to denial, and eventually how current and prospective recurrences are linked with denial. The prime focus is analysis instead of statistics and facts. HISTORY An exhibition in 1954 by the Institut Pedagogigue National inspired the conception of Night and Fog. It was unanimously decided by the chief of the Comite and Antaole Dauman to document a film for the preservation of ch ronicles of Holocaust. Renais was approached to direct the project. However, he initially declined as he feared that the realism and genuineness of the film might not be up to the mark. On Dauman’s insistence, Renais agreed on the condition that Jean Cayrol who had spent time at the concentration camps should serve as the scriptwriter. ... Micel Bouquet narrated the lucid and seductively calm script in such a detached and unflustered way, that viewers were able to assimilate the tragic circumstances. Renais and Cayrol recognized that excessive shock ensues in amnesia and denial; and therefore aimed at creating a collective memory. The images stood out due to their disturbing nature. It is quite impressive how Renais covers the background and creation of concentration camps, deliberate genocide, freedom of survivors and deserted camps within a span of only thirty-one minutes. The documentary depicts how leading German companies bid for the contracts, presented design and profited enormously from the construction of internment camps. In addition, it highlights how gas chambers and crematoriums served to exterminate prisoners. The ingenuity behind making practical use of the dead bodies for: parchment, soap, wigs, fertilizers etc. Similarly, proof of investigational operations, castration, and phosphorus burns are shown. Possessions of the prisoner are piled in warehouses. Then, an appalling scene hits the screen as heaps of heads and decomposed bodies are dumped in a pit by bulldozers. Withered and shrunken survivors are filled with consternation as allied forces arrive. The pieces of German, British, and French footage were juxtaposed with the novel footage of 1955 (Van der Knaap). The bland colours and lengthy, smooth tracking shots stand out against the black and white images of the war period. Now the land is covered with grass, fences are free from current and crematorium have reduced to rubble, this portrays the fading of memories as time passes by into history. This brilliantly presented contrast overpowers the viewers. SUBJECT MATTER The purpose of the documentary was not

Features of best practice models of HRM

Features of best practice models of HRM The term human resource management (HRM) has a wide definition and there is still no universal agreement on it. (Beardwell and Claydon, 2007) As the advent of the new economy, HRM had a deeper and wider development in order to support the businesses operates in a more complex environment. It is concluded in both theory and practice that employees matter and that HRM is a potential source for achieving organizational goals. (Boselie, 2010, P2) Kellogg (2010) argues that employees are more than a resource. For most contemporary organizations, organizational changes have become a common practice. Strategic human resource management (SHRM) focuses on issues of linking HRM to the business strategy to gain and sustain competitive advantage. Fit is likely the most important word in SHRM. There is a debate linked to the issue of fit between two competitive schools: the best-practice school and the best-fit school. The best-practice school advocates a universalistic perspective all firms will see performance improvement if they adopt it. (Boselie, 2010) There are three main gist of best-practice theories should be mentioned. First of all, the models enhance employee ability and knowledge through good recruitment and training. The second one is motivating desired behaviour through strong incentives. The last one is encouraging ideas and contribution from motivated and better trained workers. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003) Pfeffer (1998) claims seven HRM practices that all firms could success if they apply these seven. The first one is selective recruitment and selection. The selective is a central part of it and a sophisticated way to recruit and select the talents. The second one is extensive training-employees get development through training programmes. The third one is performance-related pay (PRP). PRP related to personal and team performance and the best-performance employees in a department will get yearly bonuses. The forth one is teamwork. Employees take responsibility to work design and planning for a group of employees. It is an effective way to break through the hierarchical model and decentralize responsibility. The fifth one is information sharing and communication through the Internet, newspaper, face-to-face talks and, last but not least, top management presentations. The sixth one is reduction of status differences, avoiding status symbols, such as special parking spaces for high mana gement. The last one is employment security. Pfeffer (1994) also lists 16 practices for competitive advantage through people. The advantages of the best-practice models can be defined as, firstly, much agreement on basic best practice. The second one is the recognition of bad practice. The third one is establishing rules of thumb for selection; training; appraisal methods. The last one is that no need to re-invest. Some evidences in reality can prove that there is a positive relationship between the best-practice and organizational performance. Richardson and Thompson reported that: there are 30 empirical studies that have sought to address the relationship between HR practices and business performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The published research generally reports positive statistical relationships between the greater adoption of HR practices and business performance. (Richardson and Thompson, 1999) According to another paper reported by West, Patterson, Lawthom, and Nickell (1997) firms could gain a substantial and measurable improvement to organizational performance if they invest in developing and maintaining effective HRM policy and practice. Some criticisms also should be mentioned. The first criticism of best-practice models is diversity of best-practice. Lists of desirable practices vary significantly. (Becker and Gerhart 1996, Dyer and Reeves 1995, Youndt et al. 1996) Secondly, the collective issues of work organization and employee voice may be lost. (Marchington and Grugulis, 2000) Thirdly, Legge (1978) argues that supporters of best-practice try to fabricate the question of interests and goals. There are some other criticisms that should be considered. One is that it might be difficult when we go beyond these practices. Another one is that these models may not be suitable for every situations or sections of same business. The Best-fit school argues that HRM is more effective when it is aligned with its internal and external context. (Boselie, 2010, P21) The notion of a linkage between business strategy and performance of every employee in the organization is central to fit. (Beardwell and Claydon, 2007) There are two most common fit in HRM- external and internal. External fit refers to that HR practices should fit the organizations strategy, development, and goals. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003) Golden and Ramanujam (1985) present a model to distinct four linkages: administrative linkage, one-way linkage, two way linkage, and integrative linkage. The internal context represents the organizations history, culture, and the administrative heritage. Porter (1985) presents a typology of competitive strategies, advising firms to specialize carefully in competitive strategies. Schuler Jackson (1987) developed a linkage between competitive advantage, employee behaviours and HR practices. (Boselie, 2010) There are some criticisms that should be mentioned. The first one is that they can overlook employee interests. In other words the need to align employee interests with the firm is generally failed to recognize. The second criticism is that some firms are good at everything so HR practices likely to be based on more than one strategies. There is evidence that the most resilient firms in some sectors are good at everything: they are superb all rounders, not just good at differentiation or cost leadership. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, P55) However, the criticism dose not invalidates the idea of a fit between HR strategies and competitive strategies. Boxall and Purcell argue that: there are some supports for the argument that firms try to relate a variety of HR practices to their competitive strategy. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003 P57) The last, but not the least, one is the leak of attention of dynamics. A useful model for practice if one in which fit with existing competitive strategy is developed simultaneously with flexibility in the range of skills and behaviours that may be needed to cope with different competitive scenarios in the future. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, P56) Internal fit refers to the linkage between individual HR policies, and is thought to be a crucial part to gain success. Internal fit emphasize that HR policies must be aligned with HR practices. Policies which work in opposite directions should be avoided. There is an example, encourage teamwork then rewarding individual performance. Eaton (2000) examined issues of HRM and organizational performance in 20 nursing homes in the USA. In her report she argues that a new set of practices, including cross-training and job enlargement results a better performance in some homes. Rondeau and Wagner examined the impact of HRM practices and the best-fit models on 283 Canadian nursing homesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦They reported that the best-performing homes were found to be more likely to have implemented high performance HRM practices and to have a workplace climate that strongly values employee participation. (Buchan, 2004, 2:6) Baron and Kreps (1999) define 3 types of desirable fit. The first one is s ingle employee consistency which emphasizes that make sure selection approaches aligning with the investment in training and promotion policies. The second one is the fit across employees doing the same kind of work. The last one is temporal consistency which is consistency of employee treatment across a reasonable period of time. There are some criticisms should be considered. Firstly, HR managers should avoid policies which against the directions. For example, a firm emphasizes teamwork but operates a reward system which focuses on individual performance. Secondly, firms should avoid duplication of practices. Boselie (2010) argues that there are two important mechanisms that determine the external context faced by the organization: market mechanisms and institutional mechanisms. The HR strategy scan model, developed by Boselie, contains six components: the external general market context, the external population market context, the external general institutional context, the external population institutional context, the internal organizational context, and HR strategy. (Boselie, 2010, P30-36) External context is a crucial part in most contemporary organizations. It has a significant impact on HRM activities. The unique culture and history in different countries always require different HRM policies and practices. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003) It is impossible to isolate HR policies from the context whatever internal and external. However, it is also sensible to take best practice models because of the existing of generic processes, such as recruitment and appraisal. HRM in production industries are of more concern to financial sector or the high tech industries. An analytical distinction between the surface level of HR policy and practice in a firm and an underpinning level of processes and principles could be made for this debate. The surface layer refers to those HR policies and practices that are driven by context. The underpinning layer refers to those HR policies and practices that are generic processes and principles with essential applicability. (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, P69)

Styles of Teaching: Banking Concept vs. Problem Posing Essay -- resea

Education is defined as, â€Å"The act or process of educating or being educated, the knowledge or skill obtained or developed by a learning process, a program of instruction of a specified kind or level, the field of study that is concerned with the pedagogy of teaching and learning, as well as an instructive or enlightening experience† (No author). People begin their education from day one till the day they die. Every day we learn new things in different ways. Whether someone is just telling us some random fact or you are sitting in a classroom being lectured by a professor. The main focus of this classical argument involves the learning that is done in the classroom or lecture hall in the schools of America today. The question arose as to which style of teaching is most effective in sparking the minds of the receivers to make them become transformers of their education? Would the â€Å"banking concept† of teaching be more effective, where â€Å"the scope of the act ion allowed to the students extends only as far as receiving, filing, and storing the deposits† (pg. 260). Or would the â€Å"problem posing† style of teaching be the most effective, where by â€Å"responding to the essence of consciousness—intentionally—rejects communiquà ©s and embodies communications. It epitomizes the special characteristic of consciousness† (pg. 265). In this essay I intend persuade you the audience to take in my experiences and the experience of two other authors, whom I will be showing you later, and take a look from my point of view.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through this essay I am going to try and show the advantages of â€Å"problem posing† style to education. In my opinion this style of education is very effective in expanding the minds of the receiver by making them more interactive in their learning rather than the typical lecture and take notes. In this style of education people teach each other and the teacher is not the only one enlightening the class with their knowledge. I cannot only speak this opinion from my own experiences, but also others who share in the same view sculpted by their experiences. The two authors whom I used for a base of my point of view are Paulo Freire and Richard Rodriguez. Freire wrote the essay called â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education,† in which Freire shows how â€Å"problem posing† education is the most effective way to teach and be taught at the same time. Rodriguez wrote the essay call... ... all, everyone is different in their own respective way and some people might have the ability to simply comprehend all they hear, unlike myself I feel like I teach myself more on my own or with others than if I were sitting down and taking notes. The only problem with just listening during a lecture is that people don’t retain all that information over a long period of time. Most of the information is stored in the brain until that test comes and all the information leaves when you hand in the test.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion the problem-posing style to education is not only the most effective way in helping a student retain the information, but it also sets everyone, whether it be the teacher or the students, at equilibrium. I am not just speaking from my point of view, but also from Freire. We both came to the same conclusion and based our opinions off our own experiences. This style of education is very effective in expanding the minds of the receiver by making them more interactive in their learning rather than the typical lecture and take notes. In this style of education people teach each other and the teacher is not the only one enlightening the class with their knowledge.

Psychology Phobias Coursework Essay

The area studied for this study is phobias, by adapting the work of Bennett Levy and Marteau.  The alternative hypothesis was whether the participant disliked a particular thing about the animal; in particular it being likely to bite, being ugly, or having a strange texture, they will also give a high fear rating.  A survey was completed by 30 participants aged over sixteen years old, using an opportunity sample, to find their opinions about how likely the variables are likely to occur. The principle finding was all the variable results gave a positive significant correlation.  The main implications of the findings were it supported the research by Bennett Levy and Marteau that there is a strong correlation between an appearance of an animal and fear.  Introduction:  The definition of a phobia is a persistent, abnormal, and irrational fear of a specific thing or situation that compels one to avoid it, despite the conscious awareness that it is not dangerous. Explanations to how a phobia develops differ between schools of psychology. The behaviourist theory argues that phobias are learnt by classical conditioning and reinforced by operant conditioning. An experiment on phobias supporting the behaviourist theory was executed by Watson and Rayner in 1920. The aim of the experiment was to show how classical conditioning could be applied to condition fear of a white rat into â€Å"Little Albert†, an 11 month old boy. The psychodynamic theory sees phobias resulting from the displacement of repressed impulses to an object or situation which becomes a focus for a phobia. Sigmund Freud speaks of an Oedipus complex which is where children of both sexes regard their father as an adversary and competitor for the exclusive love of their mother. This is related to phobias in the study of Little Hans. Little Hans phobia of horses is due to the fact that he took pleasure in his father getting hurt by a horse, as it meant Little Hans could have his mother all to himself. The cognitive theory states that people with phobias tend to focus on negative aspects of situations. The way people typically think, such as catastrophising, affects the likelihood of a fearful response. Tomarken et al (1989) supported this theory by finding the participants with phobias greatly overestimated the number of times fear related slides were followed by a shock. The biological theory states phobias tend to run in families which suggest a genetic component. Phobias related to survival, such as snakes, spiders, and heights, are much more common and much easier to induce in the laboratory than other kinds of fears. Seligman proposed the Preparedness theory that states humans are genetically disposed to respond rapidly to hazards in order to survive dangerous environments, therefore a result of evolutionary history. Consequently, the innate predisposition to fear these objects became an adaptive human trait. Ohman et al also said that many common phobias, such as heights and snakes, are based on things which may have threatened human survival in the past. While researching the biological theory, a decision was made to focus on this theory due to it having many areas that one could explore. These included the study Bennett-Levy Marteau and Sharma.  Bennett-Levy and Marteau (1984) showed there is a strong correlation between fear of small harmless animals and an animals’ appearance. Specifically it is seen that the amount of fear expressed is related to the extent of the difference from the human form. They did this by conducting surveys, and correlating two variables. A number of surveys correlating fears and phobias have also been done by Agras, Sylvester & Oliveau, 1969; Costello, 1982; Kirkpatrick, 1984.  Sharma wrote a paper suggesting disgust and fear are closely related. Sharma observed many patients postpone or avoid a simple blood test, and was unsure whether this was due to the test being painful or whether it just felt â€Å"icky†. Sharma wrote that fear and disgust are both one of the five basic universal emotions, found in all cultures and societies as it is essential for survival, fear tells us to run and disgust tells us to avoid contact. However, Sharma says that some people with the phobias of spiders or insects have greater disgust sensitivity. Disgust sensitivity is a term used to describe a person who finds things disgusting easier and quicker than the majority of other people.  From the research by Bennett-Levy and Marteau, a questionnaire was made in order to be able to see the correlation between fear/deadliness and how disgusting the animal is.

Art Censorship essays

Art Censorship essays Throughout the history of mankind, a portion of the population have felt the need to remove or suppress material that they consider to be morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable, such as books, films, or other materials. Censorship can be dated back to ancient Greek and Roman times. Some of the works of art and literature that were considered taboo a long time ago, are widely available in modern day life. William Shakespeare, Michelangelo, John Lennon, Diego Rivera, and the Venus de Milo were all thought to be morally wrong or offensive at one time or another. In the twentieth century, censorship has gone to more extreme measures by involving the government and legal system. Many artists take for granted the freedom to create art. Most do not understand or appreciate this freedom until it is taken from them. Fortunately, this freedom is guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. The First Amendment reads "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech" (1). The 14th Amendment makes the protections of the First Amendment applicable to state laws. Almost any attempt to regulate written or spoken word can be scrutinized by the courts to assure that it does not violate the protections provided by the First Amendment.. However, despite what on the face of the First Amendment appears to be a total prohibition on government restricting freedom of speech, not all exercises of expression or speech will be protected by the First Amendment. Many people think that the focus of the First Amendment is to protect the freedom of speech of controversial political groups such as the American Nazi Party. Although many cases involve purely political speech, courts have also declared that artistic expression is also protected by the First Amendment. These cases are not as black and white as those involving political speech, because the United States Supreme Court, over the years, has strug...

Pearl Harbor Essay Example

Pearl Harbor Essay Example Pearl Harbor Essay Pearl Harbor Essay Essay Topic: The Pearl Its the history. For 9/1 1, its much easier for us to remember. All of us are capable of knowing what happened because it was during our time. We were in kindergarten when it happened. Its very easy for our country to remember because of the memorials and remembrance services we have. Also, we have the Freedom Tower where the Twin Towers once were. As generations keep coming though, it wont be as easy. To remember, I think all teachers should take a significant amount of time and teach about 9/1 1 . This will help to keep the saying of Never Forget. Its very important to remember this attack because it potentially changed America. Its important to remember that a lot of people lost their lives trying to protect and fight for our country. We owe the respect to them. In the following years to come, I think that teachers should never stop talking about these kind of events. In fact, I think more teachers, any kind, should be sure to have a Remembrance Day or teaching day. This is because of how much it effected our country. I definitely think movies are good, not Just because I like movies. I think that graphics really capture what it was like on that day. I also think inviting speakers is a really good idea. That even gives a better realization of what it was really like from a first person view. Teachers Just cant stop teaching it. Its so important to remember the events of 9/1 1 and Pearl Harbor. These events shaped who America is today. We have become one, united, and stronger. We should never forget either of these. Pearl Harbor/9-11 By meatiness

Strategic Financial Management 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Financial Management 2 - Coursework Example Question one. Calculate the adjusted present value (APV) for the project, correcting any errors made in the net present value estimate above, and conclude whether the project should be accepted or not. Show all relevant calculations. (25 marks) Before any attempt should be made to prepare the adjusted present value of the proposed project, Rattle Co must carefully study how the given projected cash flow statement for four years was made, to know where some should remain because they are already correct or whether they need further adjustments. When the needed adjustments are known, the framework is established to do the same with each item in the prepared cash flows, asking whether it should be adjusted or not. Starting with the revenue, it appears that one critical issue would be whether it should be presented with inflation or net of inflation. The answer would depend on what discount rate is used. If the discount rate is with inflation, then the revenue must include the inflation. In the case facts, the inflation was given however, if the discount rate is used with the real rate, i.e. not the nominal one, then presenting the net of inflation of the inflation rate is the proper thing. The 8% inflation rate increase for revenues and 4% inflation rate increase for cost of sales become irrelevant. Working capital requirements appear not to be reflected in the given cash flow. These need to be determined, as they are a factor in any decision. A business cannot operate without working capital. Since the amount of working capital at the beginning of each year is 20% of the forecasted revenue per year, just multiply each given sales figure per year, then it is possible to generate a working capital requirement per year. As computed in the revised and adjusted projected cash flow in Appendix A, the working capital amounts come to  £4,606,000,  £7,320,000,  £9,814,000 and  £5,428,000 for

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 130

Case Study Example mber of clients who buy specific good, the bigger the number of customers who use the good or the service, the more the value will the good have to every user. Economies of networking in the Groupon’s model rise, immediately when the threshold is achieved, in the arrangement of product discounts to the clients who take part in the system of the organization. Therefore, the bigger the threshold the greater the discount gets. This implies that economies of networking depend on the demand factor of the product market due to the establishment of the customer bargaining authority with product retailers. Groupons business model is designed to make a fee for linking suppliers of products and services with clients by means of striking, discounted proposals. This is actually an old business model and manner of conducting business: suppliers have dispersed discount s for a lengthy period; the notion of loss leader is antique to such an organization. A major amount of the challenge that the company is presently facing are the charges it sustained developing as great as it has become in a short period of time. This rapid development is accompanied with it some noteworthy overhead expenditures (Sayan, Sarah and Alison

Planning care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Planning care - Essay Example Various nursing care plans can be applied in the health care of a patient but selection on which plan to use can be best stated according to the type of medical conditions of the patient or type of health care conditions requested for. Patient’s introduction Mrs. Mary johns is 72 years old woman admitted at the health care facility after suffering a stroke at her home. She lives with her 45 years old daughter. The patient brought in by the daughter after resuscitation after suffering a minor stroke. The daughter being the only member of the family and has to work long hour shifts to support her mother fears for life and well being of the mother. This prompted her to check in the mother at the facility for more investigations and better care as she recovers as opposed to staying at home alone as the daughter goes to work. Apart from the daughter signing her mother in at the facility, the mother is fully responsive, and she also mutually agreed to be brought into care it the fac ility. The condition and agreement is to investigate the sole cause of the minor stroke and nurture her back to her normal health condition prior to the stroke (Taylor and Lillis, 2001). Orem self care model This is a self care deficit theory proposed by Orem in self care providence, and it is a combination of the theory of self care, self care deficit, and nursing systems. In the theory, of self care it details self care as the activities carried out by an individual to maintain their self health condition. While self care agency refers to the acquired to perform an individual’s self care self care activities and highly determined by various basic conditions such as the individual’s family system, age and health care system among others (George, 2000). The third Orem’s theory of self care is the therapeutic, self care demand. This is the totality of all the self care measures required for such an individual. The carrying out of self care is to ensure the fulfil lment of the self care requisites of which there are three main types of self care requisites such as developmental, universal and deviation self care requisites. Through a full assessment, of the patient by the health care giver the deficit identified. Upon this identification, of the deficit or need, the nurse then selects the most appropriate nursing systems to provide care. These are partly compensatory, wholly compensatory, or educative and supportive systems. The health care given to the individual in accordance to the total degree of deficit or want the patient is showing of and once the health care provided the total nursing activities and the use of nursing systems for the case are to be evaluated to allow am assessment of whether the mutually planned objective met or not. Care planning A nursing care process described as being cyclical made up of various interconnecting elements and having a dynamic nature. It has been for long been an accepted feature of nursing care plan ning used in conjunction with selected nursing models. It facilitates evidence based care nursing, consistency and enables the application of correct and updated health care providence care documentation. The care planning nursing process consists of four supremely distinct phases. Each phase holds a vital role in the health care planning strategy while still being independent on functioning

Personal Statement For University Essay Example for Free

Personal Statement For University Essay My intended major is Economics. My main interest in Economics lies in the field of macroeconomics and the principles that are involved. Macroeconomics has a way of showing how different policies are intertwined; such has policies in Healthcare regarding retirement benefits to how the world’s interest rate plays a role in our daily banking activities. When I graduated from kindergarten, I lived in Shanghai for a while because of my father’s job. At that time, of course I could not speak Chinese so I faced language barrier. However, I had such as experience so I have been interested in Chinese and other countries’ culture from my parents’ influence. I started to learn English, French (when I was junior high school student) and Chinese (when I was high school student) and I went to classroom which is for studying Japanese for foreigner country children to assist. To be interested in learning foreign languages lead me to be interested in foreign countries’ culture and also I felt strongly interested in economics such as what my country economy is, how economic growth is going on in the world, if America economics situation changed, how it influenced to the world and so on with age. From that I started to be interested in activities of international authorization and it led me to be interested in the United Nations. On 12 May, 2008 Sichuan earthquake made me focus on world economics more than before. The earthquake killed many children. I had strong impact when I watched on TV. Some parents said â€Å"My child died because of school building is an old! Children who are rich could go good quality building school so they could survive! This is not a Natural disaster! This is Man-made disaster! †. Some of children â€Å"I want to say thank you to my school to save my life†. It told the gap between rich people and poor people. I had very big mistake thinking that in China’s economy is growing up very much so I thought the gap between rich and poor is going to disappear. I want to remove this gap so I want to study about world economics and I want to work for United Nation. I am not a greedy or selfish person. I am driven, straightforward and ambitious. I know what I want to be in life and I know how to get what I want. I too have come to love consumerist America and all the creature comforts that it promises to those who can afford them. While I have no intention of becoming a Donald Trump, I do wish for a comfortable life for myself and my family. To be able to provide for my family and to ensure that my children will also have the same opportunities to succeed in life as I have by getting a good education at not only the college level but a Masters degree as well in their chosen professions.

The Inner Workings of Music Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

The Inner Workings of Music As a junior in high school, I was fortunate enough to be accepted in the Yale University course: "Music of Arnold Schoenberg, 1908 to 1923: From Romanticism to Dodecaphony" at the Arnold Schoenberg Center in Vienna, Austria. My course work gave me the opportunity to conduct in depth study of the development of one of the twentieth century's most important composers in his home city. However, in Vienna, I also enjoyed many opportunities to learn outside of class. Perhaps the most significant of these experiences was viewing the archives of the Arnold Schoenberg Center. The archives at the Schoenberg Center contain thousands of pages of sketch work, manuscripts, and letters. During my stay in Vienna, I visited the archives several times to explore sketches and manuscripts to various compositions in order to gain a greater understanding of Schoenberg's compositional process. One sketc... ... Schoenberg changed the voice part from speech to song on an appearance of the works three-note motive. By exploring Schoenberg' sketches for Pierot Luinare from their earliest phases to a final score, I received a great deal of insight into the compositional process. Studying the work of a master reinforced my belief that every aspect of a piece of music is significant. By studying sketch work, I expanded my understanding of the inner workings of music.

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching St

My Personal Philosophy of Education One’s philosophy might contain views and values of education, methods of teaching, the purpose of a good education and why one uses certain curriculum. I feel that these four aspects are most important to me in my personal philosophy and will be in my classroom one day. I believe that the overall purpose of education is not only to teach students certain skills, but also to teach them to be their own person and individual thinkers. As a teacher one has to fulfill the role of educating and go beyond the teaching aspect, you have to be a role model, a fill in mommy, and a friend. As you are filling these different roles in your classroom, you also have to maintain control. I believe that education is important because as a society we need to learn and grow from what we know. Education is there to teach us about the past and prepare us for the future, which is why education is a leading and important part of our lives. As a Health and Physical education teacher, I plan to be a role model for every student that I teach. Not only do I want to be a role model for my students but also I want to be an inspiration. I want to inspire my students to do their best and reach for the top. I hope to touch the lives of the children that I meet, as well and help them progress. My first goal will be not only to teach my students the different aspects of physical education, but also to help them use these skills out side of the classroom. I hope to show students that there is more to what they are learning, by showing how to use the skills. I believe that students not only need someone to teach them, they also need someone to guide them in a positive directi... ...many others. A teacher is one who has to overcome the fear of walking into a classroom of uncontrollable students; she has to hold her head up high. Any sign of giving in to the students many destroy the teacher herself. A teacher is one who is willing to get up every morning and teach these students even when they would rather do other things with their time. An achievement in becoming a great teacher lies within the person. The decision to have a great classroom that the students look forward to or a classroom that all the students hate is left up to one person, the teacher. I hope to become the teacher that all the students look forward to having, and I will strive to make my classroom the best that it can be. Children realize that education plays a major part in their lives and I hope to make it memorable and enjoyable, as well as helpful and educational.

Organising And Delegating In The Work Place Essay

AC.1.1 Explain the importance of making effective and efficient use of people’s skills while planning a team’s work to achieve an objectives. Organizing is a function of arranging people and resources to work towards goals. To achieve those goals in effective and efficient manner it is important to have a good knowledge of the team’s skills. Lack of motivation in the team, fear of undervaluation or poor attitude could fail the goals and on the other hand enthusiasm, motivation and given responsibility can bring successful results in reaching the goals. In other words the company’s objectives can be failed if the wrong person is chosen for the task. Manager is a person who chooses the right person, give the jobs that are suitable for their skills and proficiencies. To do so an objectives have to be clear and SMART Specific they are clearly understood and no misunderstanding is possible Measurable everyone knows whether they have hit them or not Achievable they are realistic with team’s capabilities Relevant they logically fit to the organizational needs Timed have a target date to be completed. AC.1.2 Explain how to identify the appropriate person for an activity in the workplace. It is very important to have right people on staff to the success of an organization using a skills matrix will confirm the skills, knowledge and interest of the team members. Skill matrix is a simple visual tool to control and monitoring of skills level. It displays all tasks and skills required at work. It also displays current team members and their current ability level for each task. Skill matrix is used to establish all skills required in an area, it quickly highlights available skills and future requirements. Skill matrix shows training needs, its effectiveness. It is a day to day planning tool to use skills where they are most needed also to organize adequate cover for holiday and sickness. This skill matrix shows the team members individually and as a whole team. It shows who needs training and what they need to learn but also who can  train them. The grid also shows that sharing and combining across team we can develop a deeper pool of resources. We can easily shift resources to help in other areas when work accumulates. Cross training and shifting provide individual to develop skills, gives job satisfaction. AC.1.3 Explain how human resource planning can be used to assure output and quality in the workplace Workforce planning in a process designed to integrate and anticipate human resources to an organization’s needs. It is a systematic process for identifying, acquiring and developing employees to meet the needs of the business. In my workplace. In my workplace human resources planning can be divided into weekly/daily planning and long planning. By long term planning I mean events that we have over the year rallies, gatherings, or Christmas parties. We know exactly when those events will take place, we know approx number of guests and this is how we plan our staff demand. We don’t take holidays those times, sometimes we employ some more staff to cover demand. By weekly planning I mean rotas that are created every week so everybody knows what days they are working but also I make sure that there is enough staff for the day. As morning are quiet we don’t need so many staff and then late afternoons and evenings are very busy we need more staff. I also use daily rotas as human resource planning. Every day I plan using section rota who is having what section e.g. desk-seating customer, who is doing till, who is serving in a bar also I plan what side jobs have to be done and who is going to do them. AC.2.1 Explain how to delegate tasks effectively. Delegation is one of the most important management skills. Delegation saves time, develops people and motivates. On the other hand poor delegating can cause frustration, de-motivates other staff and fails to achieve the tasks. How to delegate tasks effectively Define the task. Describe exactly what you want done. Pick the right person Match the requirements of the job to the abilities of the person. Explain the reason why the task needs to be done, its importance, and possible complications that can occur. Determinate standards. Agree on the standards that will be used to measure the success of task’s completion. Determinate  resources necessary to complete the task. It may require money, training, advice and other resources. Agree deadlines. Agree when to job must be finished and how it’s going to be checked and controlled. Support and communicate. Inform others what is going on, involve to talk about the job, to ask questions about the job and how much they understand it. Feedback on results. AC.2.2 Describe the benefits of empowerment in the workplace Employee empowerment is defined as giving employees a degree of autonomy and responsibility for decision-making. The benefits are reduced absenteeism. Absenteeism is a result of employee boredom with their job as they don’t feel personally connected to the company. Empowered employee feels valued and challenged which results in job satisfaction consequently absenteeism decreases. Reduced employee turnover. Employees often leave because they feel not valued. Empowerment increases employees value, understanding their role in company’s success. They are motivated to reach their personal and company’s goals, to develop their capabilities. In result empowering reduces desire to leave the job. Reduced turnover reduces company’s fund to find and train new employees. Employee satisfaction. In companies where employees are given power to identify problems, find solution, make important decisions have responsibilities they feel empowered. They rate their satisfaction as high that leads to higher level of loyalty. Satisfied employees brings better quality of the products or services. Increased productivity. Empowered employees bring their own ideas solutions or methods of work that company can benefit from. Companies can benefit saving money by allowing suggestions and making changes in procedures. Morale. Giving responsibilities, putting employees in charge of their own projects and results of their action increases their morale. Employees know that their ideas, concepts matters for the success of the company they put more effort in their tasks, work more efficiently. A.C. 2.3 Identify barriers to delegation and how these can be overcome Not enough time. Managers think about delegating jobs when the work overwhelmed them. They think its to late to delegate as they have to find appropriate person, train that person and explain the task. When the job is done they don’t feel that urgency. To overcome that problem managers should find time to find person, train and in  the long run when it gets busy again manager can delegate the job and focus on other higher tasks. Losing control. Managers can feel that by delegating they are loosing control. Good way to overcome that fear is to frequently communicate with the person to whom task was delegated check the progress, ask if any support is needed. it can help decrease that fear and give some sense of control. Lack of trust. Some managers don’t trust that the team or individual will do the task. Managers should let person/ team to do the job, make mistake and learn from it. Making mistakes is very good opportunity to learn improve productivity or finding new solution, ideas. AC.2.4 Explain a technique that can be used to monitor the outcomes of delegation in a workplace A manager after delegating needs to make sure that the delegated task is being done correctly and effectively before it’s accomplishment. He must review and monitor progress checking regularly, giving support. Manger should inform about deadlines and established checkpoints. By checking in manager can learn if the person needs any support, has everything needed to finish the task also can learn about the progress. Manager should not interfere too much to the work they delegated as this may imply lack of trust in the other person. There are number of methods used to monitor the outcomes e.g. observation, productivity/data output, feedback from other members, customers etc. The technique I use in my workplace (restaurant) is mostly observation/inspection and spot check. As working in a restaurant we have some hygiene standards that we have to follow. Coffee machines, glass washer, soft drinks dispensers have to be cleaned every day/shift. The only way I can monitor the progress/ accomplishment is by observing if the job is done according to those standards i.e. appropriate detergents are used, if the surfaces are wiped, removable parts washed. I also use a spot check as a method of monitoring. I check tables if they are clean (no stains) if the condiments are stocked up. There are also some side jobs, housekeeping jobs like dusting, spot sweeping and general cleaning which I can inspect later after they’re done. As we are restaurant our purpose is to serve customers when they arrive. If we get busy all of those side jobs/ housekeeping jobs have to be put aside and we are focusing on customers. This is why it is very hard to monitor those side jobs their progress, or accomplishment, sometimes they are not finished, or not being done at all. I have to be flexible when it comes to check the  progress. We won’t start day if some jobs won’t be done or done properly, but there are also jobs that can be skipped.

Rodriguez vs. San Antonio Independent School District essays

Rodriguez vs. San Antonio Independent School District essays In the article Rich School, Poor Schools... J.B. Raskin explains the Supreme Courts attitude toward the mandate of Separate but Equal. Instead of defining this attitude in terms of race, however, Raskin explores its economic counterpart by explaining all aspects of the San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez case. This case helps us to understand the economic barriers between towns (and therefore between schools) and the inequalities that exist because of the way we fund our schools. The article Its about time! from the Boston Globe helps to further develop and specify these disparities. The largest amount of revenue for public schools is received through property taxes. This, therefore, causes schools located in wealthier towns to provide more dollars spent per student and schools in poor towns to provide much less. The towns of Edgewood and Alamo Heights in Texas are good examples of the inequalities present and the controversy that can be found throughout the country. Business thrives in Alamo Heights, whereas in Edgewood, an urban neighborhood, commercial and industrial property is minimum. With a much larger population (22,000 students), Edgewood possesses the lowest property value per pupil in the metropolitan area at $5,960. Alamo Heights, on the other hand, only houses 5,000 students and offers over $49,000 property value per pupil. Rodriguez took this case to the Supreme Court to decide whether these inequalities could be allowed under the rights of the Constitution. According to Raskin, even though the Constitution does not specifically mention education, it is education that allows individuals to partake in other constitutional rights, such as speech, voting, and receiving information. Justice Powell ruled that this practice was legal and that just because there were disparities in spending levels, this does not prove that the schools were not prov...

Death Penalty essay Essays

Death Penalty essay Essays Death Penalty essay Essay Death Penalty essay Essay Essay Topic: Death Penalty Studies show that the death penalty is an in-effective deterrent of crime and is an economic burden to tax-payers, counties, and states. The main issues of this essay are whether or not the death penalty is in fact, a deterrent of crime, and if the burden of the cost associated with the death penalty is worth the retribution. As Mahatma Ghandi said, An eye for an eye leaves us all blind. Capital punishment is the sentencing of convicted criminals to death. It is a highly controversial and debatable topic. This is an issue that keeps many people, mainly politicians, tossing and turning at night. Is it moral? Is it a deterrent of crime? Is it worth the money we spend on death penalty cases? There are an abundance of studies, articles, arguments, and opinions both for and against the death penalty. This essay will look at the arguments, and show that the death penalty is not a highly effective deterrent of crime, and it will also show that it is not economically Justified. The death penalty dates back thousands of years, but it in the United States it has become a topic that is very controversial. There have been many legal challenges in the past fifty years, challenging the morality of the executions. In 1967 a moratorium was placed on the death penalty after the Supreme Courts finding that it was arbitrary and capricious and that it violated the 8th Amendment. (Capital Punishment, 2013). It wasnt a ruling that the death penalty itself was unconstitutional, but that the laws as written were cruel and unusual punishment. States wrote new laws, and in 1977 executions resumed. The first execution after the moratorium was in Utah, death by firing squad. Deterrence, in the mindset of death penalty supporters, is the belief that criminals or would be criminals fear death more than anything else. Judge Robert E. Crowe stated It is the finality of the death penalty which instills fear into the heart of every murderer, and it is the fear of punishment which protects society. (Crowe, 1925, para3). A survey of leading criminologists by Radelet Lacock (2009), showed that an astounding 88% did not agree that the death penalty is a deterrent of crime. They believe that an abolishment on the death penalty would not result in any significant rise in crime rates. The majority of law enforcement surveyed believes capital punishment does not deter violent crime. (Ralelet Lacock, 2009). Another survey of police chiefs states that they rank the death penalty lowest on ways to deter crime. They believe that an increase in law enforcement and lowering drug abuse are the best ways to reduce violence. Although there are many studies stating that the death penalty is a deterrent of crime, The National Research Council (2012) concluded that the studies on the effect of murder rates and the death penalty were seriously flawed. They showed that the studies didnt consider the effects of non capital punishments, and used incomplete or implausible models. They found three fundamental flaws: 1) The studies did not factor in the effects of non-capital punishments that may be imposed. 2) The studies used imcomplete or implausible models of potential murderers perceptions of and responses to the use of capital punishment. 3) Estimates of the effect of capital punishment are based on statistical models that make assumptions that are not credible. (The National Research Council, 2012). of criminals. He believes that murderers dont think of the death penalty as a reason not to kill. People who are contemplating murder do not sit down and weigh the consequences. He believes it is an erratic and flawed process which should be discontinued. The decision on whether a defendant gets the death penalty is dependent on too many variables: The discretion of the prosecutor, the competence of the defense attorneys, the makeup of the Jury, and the attitude of the Judge and appeals court. Further research shows that most murders are committed in the heat of passion, under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or because ofa mental illness. During the act of committing murder, criminals do not expect to be caught and there is little thought being given to the consequences of the action. Even when a murder is premeditated, the criminal focuses more on escaping arrest, detection, or conviction. (saroktn, 2011). The ACLUs position on the death penalty (2012) is that it violates a constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment and the guarantees of due process. They believe that states should not give themselves the right to kill, especially with premeditation and celebration. They believe it is unfair because it is dependant of the competency of the attorneys, how much money the defendant has, the race of the victim, and where the crime takes place. (ACLU 2012) Capital punishment in the United States is unusual because it is the only western industrialized nation that engages in the practice. It is also unusual because only a small percentage of convicted killers are sentenced to death. The homicide rate in the United States is five times higher than any western European county. This is shocking due to the fact that the United States is the only county with the death penalty. Currently there are eighteen states without the death penalty. In President Jimmy Carters article Show Death Penalty the Door (2012), he provides statistics on tates with the death penalty vs. tates without the death penalty. The rates of homicides are higher in states with the death penalty. Take North and South Dakota for example: Both of these states are very similar in population, culture, and region. North Dakota does not have the death penalty and South Dakota does. There are more capital crimes in South Dakota. According to the Department of Justice (FBI Uniform Crime Report, 2012), the national murder rate was about the same in 2011 as in 2012. The Northeast region of the United States, the region with the fewest executions, had the lowest murder ate of any other region. The murder rate in the northeast also decreases 3. 4%. The southern region, the region with the highest execution rate, again had the highest murder rates. Six of the nine states with the lowest murder rate are states without the death penalty. Justice Bryon White, (Furman v. Georgia), noted that when only a tiny portion of individuals who commit murder are executed, the death penalty is unconstitutionally irrational. The lessons of Furman haunt present day realities in most states because it is used so rarely as to defy the logic of deterrence. 972) When weighing the all the deterring facts, the death penalty does not make sense for our country. While looking at the economic factors and costs of the death penalty, the ends do not Justify The cost of the death penalty is far more expensive than the cost of life in prison. Former District Attorney, Sterling Goodspeed, stated miou can house criminals in the Waldorf Hotel for sixty to seventy years and feed them three meals a day cheape r than we can litigate a single death penalty case. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research show that the burden put n tax payers due to capital murder charges is a huge burden to counties. These trials cost so much that cuts in the budget have to be made elsewhere. States and counties could save millions by eliminating these trials. (Baicker, 2012). Statistics show that the cost is so much higher for a variety of reasons. These expensive trials need special defense teams specializing in death penalty cases. The cost of security, specialty witnesses and DNA testing are Just some of the huge expenses these trials incur. Many of the countrys leading law enforcement personnel, criminologists, Judges nd others believe that the resources that are put into these extremely expensive trials should be redirected elsewhere. The money could be spent on improving the community and prevention programs. (Kondavic, 2012). Research shows that people who attend Early Childhood programs are less likely to commit crimes. High school programs that help at-risk youth reach graduation also helps to reduce crime. These programs could benefit from the additional resources that capital murder cases soak up. (Equal Justice USA,2013). Gang prevention programs and mental health services will also help reduce riminal activity. Providing these services to Juveniles reduces their probability of being arrested. It has been said that if the perpetrators in the many recent school shootings would have been offered these services, a lot of trauma and bloodshed could have been avoided. Treatment has successfully reduced crime, incarceration, and recidivism. Most law enforcement officials agree that funds to help the victims and their families are needed. These funds could pay for grief counseling, scholarships, medical expenses, and emergency funds. Since the use of DNA testing more than ne-hundred thirty people have been exonerated from death row. Now the courts are being flooded with expensive appeals and DNA testing. Not only would doing away with the death penalty relieve the court systems and save money, but it will assure that no innocent man or woman ever be wrongly executed. (Associated Press, 2009) Research and evidence show that putting a moratorium on the death penalty for good would be better for tax-payers and all of this countrys communities. It would also assure that no innocent person will ever be condemned to death. The deterrent actor and the economic factor are proof enough, but there is always the moral factor. In 1972 Supreme Court Justice, Marshall Thurgood gave his opinion in the case Fruman v. Georgia. He stated that Capital punishment violates the Eighth Amendment because it is morally unacceptable. In Judging if it is morally acceptable, most courts say its valid unless it shocks the conscience and sense of Justice of the people assuming knowledge of all the facts presently available regarding capital conscience and sense of Justice. For this reason alone, capital punishment cannot stand. (1972).