Huck Finn :: essays papers

Huck Finn This story started out sometime in the mid-1800s in the small town of Hannibal, Missouri. A few months earlier tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn discovered a chest full of gold. The two adventurous boys split the twelve-thousand dollars, and Judge Thatcher was keeping their money safe in a trust. In the meantime, Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson, realizing Hucks unsophisticated ways, overlyk him into their home to try to sivilize him. Huck learned to read and write and even acquired some religion, but he didnt like it too much that Miss Watson continually tried to vanquish his smoking and swearing.One day Huck saw footprints in the snow and realized that his father was post in town. This made Huck very uncomfortable because his father stayed drunk and crush him whenever he felt like it (which was most of the time). Huck knew the only undercoat his tit came back was to collect his sons money. After finding out about his Pap, Huck went quickly over to Judge Thatchers house to sign away the honest to his share of the twelve thousand dollars. Since he had no money now, he figured his father wouldnt bother him.A few nights later, Huck found his Pap, looking for very rough and ragged, sitting in a chair in his room. Pap was very angry with Huck for becoming smarter than his father and threatened to beat him if he didnt quit learning. Pap took Hucks only dollar and left, but showed up the contiguous day at Judge Thatchers house claiming to be Hucks legal guardian. Pap demanded the money that was in Hucks name, but the judge refused.A while later, Pap became desperate and kidnapped his son. He took him to a one-room log hut where Huck was kept locked up whenever Pap had to leave. Huck didnt like this too much, nor did he like the daily beatings he received when Pap was drunk. Despite this, Huck rather enjoyed not having to be civilized anymore. One night after Pap threatened to kill Huck, the boy decided he had taken enough he was going to escape.The next night while Pap was in town, Huck found a saw and cut out a piece of one of the walls. He crawled finished the hole and replaced the piece of wood so that Pap wouldnt notice it.

Sparta: Uncultured Discipline Essay -- essays research papers

Sparta Uncultured Discipline     The Spartans were the most formidable warriors in alone of history. Theydedicated their entire lives to warfare. They were taught to endure cold, hunger,pain, their courage on the battlefield was second to none. The Spartan code wasto fight hard, follow orders without question and to die rather because retreat orsurrender. To achieve all this, Sparta sacrificed everything the arts, culture,and other things that make life worth while. I believe the price was to highthey went to far and shut morose all that was creative and human in Sparta. Aculture that cant change or adapt doesnt survive. This is exactly whathappened , after a single major pop in 360 B.C Sparta was no longer asignificant factor in the region (Isaac Asimov, 1965, p. 178).     The original founders of "modern" Sparta were the Dorians. At around1100 B.C these savages came from the north into what is today Greece. Theyattacked the Mycen ean nicety thriving there and quickly defeated them. Thesecret behind the remarkable victories against the Myceneans was iron, theDorians knew how to forge iron weapons which completely outclassed the bronzeweaponry of the Myceneans (Carl Roebuck, 1966, p. 119).     In Mycenean generation Sparta had been a important city, but after Dorianconquest it sank to insignificance. Over the next three hundred years itrec everyplaceed and began to prosper. By 800 B.C it ruled over the region calledLacedonia.     Up to about 650 B.C Sparta was pretty much like every other Greek state.They had music, art and poetry. During the seventh century, a musician namedTerpander came to Sparta and established himself their. He is called the "fatherof Greek music," hes also supposed to off improved the lyre (a harp likeinstrument). The most widely known Spartan musician was Tyrtaeus. He livedduring the turn Messenian War and his music inspired many Sparta n soldiers tonew heights of bravery (Isaac Asimov, 1965, p. 53).     But then something happened, a war with the Messinians. The FirstMessenian War stony-broke out in 730 B.C, when the Spartans marched into Messeniaeager for more land. After 20 long years of war the Messenians were forced tosurrender. They were made into helots (slave... ...sp  In order to achieve soldiers glory the Spartans gave up nearlyeverything. Later on Greeks from other city states admired the Spartan way oflife because it seemed so noble. They were wrong to think this way, to art,music, literary productions and other such pursuits they donated nothing.     She only had a cruel, inhuman way of life to offer, dependent on abarbaric slavery of most of her population, with only a kind of blind animalcourage as a virtue. Before long the Spartan way of life was more show thensubstance, Sparta seemed hearty as long she was victorious, but other statescould surviv e defeat and rise again. After a single major defeat (againstThebes) Sparta lost her domination of Greece. This harmful loss exposed theSpartan fraud and disposed of her.Reference List- Asimov, Issac. (1965). The Greeks A Great Adventure. Boston Houghton MifflinCompany- Hillyer V.M, E.G Huey. (1966). Ancient World 500 BC - 500 AD. New YorkMeredith Press- National Georgraphic Society. (1968). Greece and Rome Builders of Our World.Washington D.C Author- Roebuck, Carl. (1966). The World of Ancient Times. New York CharlesScribners Sons

kant Essay -- essays research papers

Kants Critiques of Pure reason and Groundwork of the MetaphysicsKant states that, In the order of time, therefore, we have no cognition antecedent to experience, and with experience all our knowledge begins, but although all of our knowledge begins with experience, it does non follow that it all arises out of experience,(CPR,41). What he means is that we do not rely on experience inorder to have knowledge, but knowledge and experience argon connected for to have knowledge we must begin with experience. There are four types of knowledge that Kant deduced. A priori, which is knowledge that is independent of experience, knowledge which is always true, does not rely on a person to experience it inorder for one to pull in that it is true. A priori knowledge are entitled pure when there is no admixture of anything empirical, (CPR, 43). Kant also states that, Necessity and universality are sure criteria of apriori knowledge, and are intrinsic from once another, (CPR, 44). A posterior kn owledge on the other hand is knowledge which is dependent on experience, and requires it inoder to understand it. Analytic judgments are, those in which the connection of the exalt with the subject is thought through identity, (CPR, 48). Synthetic judgments are, Those in which the connection between the predicate and the subject is not present, (CPR, 48). Analytic judgments are explicative because they add nothing bran-new to the subject, but only further the...

A Comparison of Fahrenheit 451 and Dover Beach Essay -- Ray Bradburys

     Fahrenheit 451 is a well-written book that tells a story of a dream adult male and unrivaled man who wakes up from that dream. Montag, the protagonist of the story, brings home a book of poetry one day and begins to read the poem Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold to his wife and her guests. Many critics think that Bradbury picked this poem because it paralleled feel in his book. The poem Dover Beach can be compared to Fahrenheit 451 because both pieces of writing talk somewhat themes of true chouse, fantasy and allover hopelessness.     One of the ways Fahrenheit 451 can be related to Arnolds Dover Beach is by connecting the absense of true love in both of them. Throughout the book, Montag tardily heartyizes that he does non truly love his wife Mildred. In the beginning, Montag believes that he truly loves Mildred. However, as the book goes on, he meets Clarisse, and begins to change his way of thought. He slowly begins to wake up fr om the dream world that he is living in. As he begins to know Clarisse, he slowly realizes that Mildred does not share the same deep passion for life that he does. At the beginning of the Sieve and the Sand, Montag frantically reads books to gain more knowledge. Mildred complains and kicks the books around, showing that her and her married man are growing apart. At the end of the book, Montag is talking to Granger, and says "... Even if she dies, I realized a moment ago, I dont think Ill feel sad (155)". This shows that Montag does not care for his wife as much as he thought he did before. In the poem, Arnold states "a let down of dreams ...hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light". The world in Arnolds poem is a land of dreaming. While people are dreaming of true love and joy, there is none in the real world that you live in once you wake up from the dream. Once the confused alarms of struggle and flight wake you up, you realize that the world is really demor alise of love and happiness. The world in Arnolds poem is a world parallel to that of Bradburys Both are worlds that do not contain love or light, as much as people in them would like to believe otherwise.     Both Fahrenheit 451 and Dover Beach are pieces of writing that deal with lands of fantasy. The true world that Bradbury lived in while writing Fahrenheit 451 was one of real books that peop... ...e, because the laws of the universe dont let it out. Similarly, the hopelessness of the human race is shown through the fact that it goes through its life cycles, yet humans know what theyre doing and try to fix it. Even though it does not work, that is their cry for help, just as the Sea of Faith cries out to be released from its tides.     Writers often use other works in their books to back up what their writing is trying to prove. Ray Bradbury uses the ideas in the poem Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold to support the idea that his book shows t he absence of true love, the existence of fantasy worlds, and the reality of hopelessness. Both the book and the poem show that the world is a land of fantasy where things are not always as they appear, and that as much as they want to do something, the nature of people can hold us back from doing things. Both Dover Beach and Fahrenheit 451 show worlds of beings that are trapped in a cage and forced to live a indisputable way, as much as they dont want to. As much as human beings today dont believe this can happen, if we give into the natural way of humans, we may just follow the same path that Bradburys people did.

I Will Write Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow :: Personal Narrative Writing

I Will Write Tomorrow and Tomorrow and TomorrowWe are exclusively in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. - Oscar Wilde Life, I think, if we could map it out on some sort of cosmic parchment, would be a tapestry of paths taken, woven in on distributively other in a tangle resembling nothing if not a spider web. somewhere in the midst of these interlocking and twisting trails of all the ways Ive gone, the ways Ive planned to go and the roads I have abandoned I managed to chance on two trends that form a frame for all the other twists and turns that may come. These two trends, two paths that Im currently in the midst of walking, are the practical-and-mired-in- reality solid ground of economics and the freer, more creative area of writing. When it came to this paper, to actually taking both and projecting them into the future, I found myself coming up against one specific question. How on earth can I wrap the two of them together, meld them into something that stan ds as a unit? The answer that I found, for now at least, is that they cannot be melded each is too firmly intent on standing on its own. But this doesnt mean that they do not coincide again and again from time to time. each(prenominal) has its future, separate from the other, but neither precludes the other. Neither stands completely isolated from the other. Even with the advances of technology and the changing trends that the world is bringing to bear with a vengeance, theres still a phenomenon that allows for the coexistence of such different and yet inextricable fields. E pluribus unum--thats the slogan, right? I think it applies, and perhaps more importantly, that it will continue to apply.Economics, in the present is a intense topic for discussion. Everyone, from the attendant at the gas station to candidates for political office, has their opinions and theories about it all. Economics, in its simplest definition, is the study of human choices and decisions when unlimited wan ts meet limited or but resources. As far as I can tell, and as far as Ive been told, weve yet to come up with a technology that eliminates this problem of scarcity, so it stands to reason that the field itself will exist in the coming decades. With that much established, little else is certain.

I Will Write Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow :: Personal Narrative Writing

I Will Write Tomorrow and Tomorrow and TomorrowWe are all in the gutter, just some of us are looking at the stars. - Oscar Wilde Life, I think, if we could map it out on some sort of cosmic parchment, would be a tapis of paths taken, woven in on each other in a tangle resembling nothing if not a spider web. Somewhere in the center of these interlocking and twisting trails of all the ways Ive gone, the ways Ive planned to go and the roads I have abandoned I managed to find two trends that function a frame for all the other twists and turns that may come. These two trends, two paths that Im currently in the midst of walking, are the practical-and-mired-in- reality realm of economics and the freer, more than creative area of writing. When it came to this paper, to actually taking both and projecting them into the future, I found myself coming up against one specific question. How on earth underside I wrap the two of them together, meld them into something that stands as a unit? T he answer that I found, for now at least, is that they cannot be melded each is too heavily intent on standing on its own. But this doesnt mean that they do not coincide again and again from time to time. Each has its future, separate from the other, besides neither precludes the other. Neither stands completely isolated from the other. Even with the advances of technology and the changing trends that the world is bringing to bear with a vengeance, theres still a phenomenon that allows for the coexistence of such unalike and yet inextricable dramatic arts. E pluribus unum--thats the slogan, right? I think it applies, and perhaps more importantly, that it will continue to apply.Economics, in the present is a hot topic for discussion. Everyone, from the auditor at the gas station to candidates for political office, has their opinions and theories about it all. Economics, in its simplest definition, is the study of human choices and decisions when unlimited wants meet limited or s carce resources. As cold as I can tell, and as far as Ive been told, weve yet to come up with a technology that eliminates this problem of scarcity, so it stands to reason that the field itself will exist in the coming decades. With that much established, little else is certain.

Caffeine Extraction from Tea Pre Lab Report Essay

Describe an alternative method for evaporation of the CH2Cl2 Can be steamed and then rinsed with ethyl acetate for several(prenominal) hours, and then rinsed with water, or spate be soaked in a bath of CO2 and run through water, making carboxylic acid. (2) Caffeine (4) restate exposure can produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs. First guardianship MeasuresEye contact Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. unassailable water MUST be used. get hold medical attention. Skin Contact Immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. sequester contaminated clothing and shoes. wash off clothing ahead reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention. Serious Skin Contact Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention.Inhalation remove to fresh air. I f not breathing, give man-made respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention. Serious Inhalation Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. beleaguer tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Seek medical attention. Ingestion do not induce vomiting unless enjoin to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious(p) person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention immediately. Dichloromethane (5)Causes eye and skin irritation, respiratory tract irritation. Harmful if swallowed and possibly if inhaled. May cause aboriginal nervous system effects, and kidney damage. First Aid measureEyes immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical aid. Skin flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops and persists. Wash clothing before reuse. Ingestion If swallowe d, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Inhalation remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult,give oxygen. Get medical aid. 6. A rotary evaporator (rotovap) is typically used in chemistry for the removal of solvent from samples by the process of evaporation. Can also be used in molecular cooking for the preparedness of distillates and extracts.How the rotovap works, is it increases the rate of evaporation of the solvent by reducing the pressure to lower the boiling point of the solvent, rotating the sample to increase the effective surface area and estrus the solution. (6) When performing a liquid-liquid extraction, the separatory funnel should be (c) 3/4 full. List two things you should do before pouring liquid into a separatory funnel be sure the stopcock is in the closed positionbe sure the stopcock is sideways tight.Dichlo romethane will be the bottom layer, since it has a higher(prenominal) density than the aqueous solution. The stopper must be removed from the sep funnel when liquid is being drained from it through the stopcock, so that air can flow in through the top while the liquid is flowing out the bottom.References1. Chem Spider. 2011. Caffeine. ONLINE visible(prenominal) at http//www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html. Accessed 07 October 14. 2. Beverage Answers. 2014. Decaffienated Tea How is Decaf Tea Made. ONLINE Available at http//www.beverageanswers.com/tea/decaf-tea.html. Accessed 07 October 14. 3. The Modern Embalmer. 2012. CALL OF THE WILD TAXIDERMY TANNIC ACID/TANNINS IN EMBALMING. A DEAD-END ROAD TO FORMALDEHYDE-FREE CHEMICALS.. ONLINE Available at http//www.themodernembalmer.com/tannin.html. Accessed 07 October 14. 4. Science Lab. 2013. secular gum elastic Data Sheet Caffeine MSDS. ONLINE Available at http//www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927475. Accessed 07 Octobe r 14. 5.Science Lab. 2013. Material Safety Data Sheet Dichloromethane MSDS. ONLINE Available at http//wcam.engr.wisc.edu/Public/Safety/MSDS/Dichloromethane.pdf. Accessed 07 October 14. 6. Chem.UCalgary. 2014. Organic Laboratory Techniques. ONLINE Available at http//www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/laboratory/rotavap.pdf. Accessed 07 October 14.

Ap World History 2010 Q3

WORLD HISTORY 2010 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 3 proportional BASIC CORE (competence) 07 Points 1. Has acceptable thesis. 1 Point The thesis must include both a legal simile and a valid difference in methods of governmental control in two of the empires. The thesis must be relevant to the time period, alone the dates need non be explicit. The thesis must be explicitly stated in the introduction or the specified conclusion of the act. The thesis may appear as one sentence or as multiple sentences. A thesis that is split among multiple paragraphs or merely restates the prompt is unacceptable. The thesis CANNOT count for whatever other point. 2. Addresses all parts of the question, though not necessarily evenly or thoroughly. 2 Points For 2 points Identifies at least one valid similarity and one valid difference in methods of political control. Discusses two empires but not necessarily evenly. For 1 point Identifies at least one valid similarity or at least one valid di fference in methods of political control. Discusses two empires but not necessarily evenly. 3. Substantiates thesis with book diachronic testify. 2 Points For 2 points Must provide at least five specific pieces of evidence (at least two from each empire). Evidence must be within the designated time periods (e. g. , evidence from the Roman Republic or Qin dynasty is not acceptable). For 1 point Must provide at least triple specific pieces of evidence (at least one from each empire). Evidence must be within the designated time periods. 4. Makes at least one comport, relevant coincidence between/among societies. 1 Point (The direct comparison may discuss either similarities or differences. ) To earn this point, the comparison must be made someplace other than in the thesis. . Analyzes at least one reason for a similarity or a difference identified in a direct comparison. Analysis (reason why) must be related to a similarity or a difference in methods of political control b etween the two empires. Subtotal 1 Point 7 Points 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the meshing www. collegeboard. com. AP WORLD HISTORY 2010 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 3 Comparative (continued) EXPANDED CORE (excellence) Expands beyond basic core of 17 points. A student must earn 7 points in the basic core area before earning points in the expanded core area. 02 PointsExamples Has a clear, analytical and comprehensive thesis. Addresses all parts of the question thoroughly (as relevant) comparisons, chronology, causation, connections, themes, interactions, content. Provides ample historical evidence to agnize thesis. Relates comparisons to larger global context. Makes several direct, relevant comparisons between or among societies. Consistently analyzes the causes and effects of relevant similarities and differences. Applies relevant knowledge of other regions or world historical processes. Discusses change over time (e. g. changing methods of political control as the empires began to decline). Recognizes nuances within empires. Subtotal 2 Points TOTAL 9 Points 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the weather vane www. collegeboard. com. 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. com. 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. com. 2010 The College Board.Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. com. 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. com. 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. ollegeboard. com. 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. com. 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. com. 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. com. AP WORLD HISTORY 2010 SCORING COMMENTARY Question 3 Overview The intent of the question was for students to pick two of t he stipulated empires Han mainland China (206 B. C. E. to 220 C. E. ), Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B. C. E. to 550 C. E. ), Imperial capital of Italy (31 B. C. E. to 476 C. E. ) and liken the ways those empires exerted political control over their populaces.Students were explicitly told to discuss both similarities and differences in methods of political control. Sample 3A Score 8 The essay contains a valid thesis in the second and third sentences of the first paragraph (1 point). In the fourth paragraph, the essay addresses a similarity (Both empires had unstable borders) and several differences, including However, Han China dealt with the Turkic Huns through the tribute systems, thus placating them with gifts and avoiding costly & expensive warfare, which Rome preferred when dealing with their enemies (2 points).Although in that respect is ample evidence for the Han, Roman evidence is limited by discussion of the Republic, which could not be counted. There is, however, enough evi dence for 2 evidence points. In addition to the direct comparison listed above, there is another difference at the bottom of the second paragraph However, because there was less emphasis as a collective group in Rome, the political organization was a lot less structured than Chinas which earned 1 point for the comparison and 1 point because the statement as well involves an analysis.This essay contained a complex thesis, sufficient depth of comparison, and supporting evidence to earn 1 Expanded Core point. Sample 3B Score 6 This essay contains a valid thesis in the first paragraph (1 point) and addresses both similarities and differences (2 points). There is sufficient evidence for both the Mauryan/Gupta and the Han empires (2 points). The direct comparison is found in the second paragraph Han China and Maurya Gupta sic both consolidated their power through military buildup (1 point).The essay attempts analysis in the next to the last paragraph but only analyzes the Han Due to th eir lack of a devout religion, China was able to assimilate the Huns when they began to invade China. There is no analysis of a comparison of Han and Mauryan/Gupta methods of political control. Sample 3C Score 3 There is no valid thesis because the essay attempts to show a difference between Han and Rome in price of the Roman Republic, which is outside the time period. The essay only addresses similarities, not valid differences (1 point).The evidence is sufficient for the Han, but the only valid piece of evidence for Rome is the statement that He Augustus defeated Cleopatra and Mark Anthony making sure that Rome is politically secured (1 point). Most of the Roman evidence is prior to 31 B. C. E. and therefore did not earn credit. The essay has a valid direct comparison in the fourth paragraph The size of both empires was an issue that led to leaders at long last losing political control of both empires (1 point). 2010 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. c ollegeboard. com.

Value and Integrity

The OEIG is responsible for ensuring and maintaining integrity in state government, please exempt what integrity means to you and how your skills and/or experiences will help this office achieve its mission. Please attach the statement to your application.Merriam-Webster dictionary defines integrity as, firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values incorruptibility the quality or state of being complete or undivided. Although this is correct this isnt on the dot the complete meaning of this word. For every situation, every job, and every position this word integrity is defined differently. The position at which I am applying for is an Administrative Assistant, with this comes swell responsibility, handling and having access to sensitive information any candidate must possess some level of morals and values.In my previous positions as a jargon teller Ive come in contact with highly valuable information from social security numbers to endless financial details no n to mention large amounts of money. And I can attest to the fact that none of that irreplaceable information was ever mishandled or compromised, not just because it was my job or duty but out of respect not only for myself but for those that would be affected. If there isnt one thing Ive learned so far in life, Ive learned that every decision made has a monopoly affect whether the outcome is good or bad. Integrity is having the ability to be selfless, being confident in yourself that you can make decisions that will not only affect you but staff, the company brand and customers.

Changing Attitude Towards Child Sex Preference Essay

This paper focuses on the intensity of preference for boys over daughters in anticipation of conjure mountnarian mount security both physically and financially, and its impact on the c ar and buy at/ well-being of the olden in Nigeria in general, and in lay outicular among the Yoruba of southmostwest. The paper examines the impact of sociable change on churl sex preference as old age security. Before delving into the theme of the paper, the opinion of amicable change was briefly discussed.The rea countersigns for having clawren generally argon discussed, kidskin sex preference among the elderly were equally analyzed the pattern it took before now, the changes that kick in occurred and the attitude of p atomic number 18nts toward child sex preference as old age security in the contemporary Nigerian society were equally examined. The effects of sex preference and former(a) socio- sparing factors on the status of the elderly and its implications for the family were mention ed.Various literature and theoretical models on the subject matter were reviewed and finally, a general conclusion was drawn. Introduction Startling noveltys have occurred all over the world, particularly on the mode of caring and nurtureing of fourth-year soulfulnesss and t here(predicate) are a number of of the essence(p) issues, which arise as a result of these trans constellationations and the major structural wobble in the population. One of these issues is the concern of social gerontologists for the shoots of older battalion for support in the society.Although, it should be mentioned at this uncture that this transformation (that is, social change) affects distinguishable populate in different ways, guessing on sex, location, size of cohort, economic resources (individual, familial and national), norms inherited from the past and individuals live experiences and personality. For example, marital status and earlier patterns of child going are signifi faecest fac tors influencing the nature of the support available in old age. While co-residence of older persons and adult children is common in many developing countries, the drift worldwide is for this arrangement to become less(prenominal) common.This has direct consequences for economic security, especially in the numerous societies (and particularly, their sylvan sectors), where pensions are paid only to a minor proportion of older persons who are eligible because of earlier employment in the former sectors or few older persons who were able to save or dower for their old age. Even in countries where pensions are much generally available, the burden of an ageing population is increasely being regarded as unsustainable, particularly since at that place is an increasing tendency for those able to do so to take early retirement.For many, especially women, there is a real threat of poverty in old-age, and this problem whitethorn be exacerbated by social exclusions and the deteriorating h ealth conditions experienced by many older persons particularly, women at to a greater extent advanced ages. Care of the frail and disabled becomes progressively problematic, both in terms of stress placed on care providers and care-givers and also the mobilization of the appropriate resources of families, agencies and programmes to meet even the basic reads of older persons.harmonize to Peil (1991), as purport conceiveancy rises, young couples are more likely to be called upon to provide for their older parents than these parents were at the same stage of the life cycle, at a time when increasing emphasis on educating ones children, rampant inflation and widespread unemployment of young adults make adequate alimentation for older parents difficult. The situation among older wad without children of their own were even more pathetic. For instance, old plurality who have no living children tend to risk the chances of closing off and lack of support.Personality is another very c rucial factor to be considered this is because, personality can make considerable difference to the help received. For example, an older person who was hard to get along with is more likely to lack support than the cheerful old person who gets along well with family and neighbours (Peil, 1991). All these are central variables, which determine whether individuals will receive adequate care and support from family and society. It is evident from the various literature that, very lilliputian attention has been paid to older people of modern industrializing societies of the world.In Nigeria for example, as well as in some(prenominal) developing countries, the need to plan for the well-being of older persons has received very little attention. There are make water evidences of lack of formal social support services for older people in Nigeria, much(prenominal) as Social Securiy, Pension, health Insurance Scheme, Old Peoples Home, etc. One of the explanatory factors arises from th e belief that the existing extended family system generally protects and provides for the benefit of old people in rural and agricultural societies.Hence, where an older person is childless, his/her brothers or sisters or even the children of his siblings are believed to be responsible for his/her maintenance. This whitethorn not be unconnected with why most policies, programmes and projects in the developing countries such as Nigeria have been concentrated on the children and the youths at the expense of older persons in the country. Both national and international organizations are seen motioning tirelessly on programmes and projects that would benefit the children and the youths, forgetting that the children and the youths of today would be the adult and older persons in the near future.Such beliefs and workouts give the impression that the aged, unlike children, reconcile a discomforting second-order dependency on the jr. working generation. But it should be mentioned at thi s junction that old people are not always open on others for survival. For example, old age may not necessarily symbolize dependency especially in modern Nigeria in which the possession of landed attribute by older people and access to business opportunities may name them some income.Hence, while it is generally believed that old people in general depend on the younger people for their survival, it can be equally true that some younger people do depend on such old people for their survival. In fact, some older persons in Nigeria may be rich enough to provide educational assistance for the children of their brothers and sisters as well as their own. Put differently, the prevailing view of older people as a social problem emphasizes the burden of older people in the population.This negative and blinkered visual sensation has almost entirely neglected the provision of care by older people themselves, although there are some notable exceptions. It should also be utter that prevailin g social problem focus has stigmatized older people as a dependent and unproductive group. This negative stereotyping is partly because of invisibility of informal work as a contribution to society. Older people are givers as well as receivers by means of their substantial caring for other older people, unskilled domestic work, care for grandchildren and voluntary work.However, it should be mentioned that differences occur between male and female in terms of access to, and possession of wealth in the society. This, in turn, leads to differences in the care and support assumption and received by older men and women in the society. This we must emphasized has affected older persons attitude towards child sex preference as old age security globally and particularly in Nigeria society. A pronounced preference of parents to have male children has been renowned in a number of countries, although a rely for a balanced number of sons and daughters is also common (Williamson, 1976 Arnol d and Kuo, 1984).Son preference is particularly prevalent in countries with powerful patriarchal system or tradition (Cleland, Verrall, and Vaessen, 1983 Cho, Arnold, and Kwon, 1982 Freedman and Coombs, 1994). The extent of son preference has been the subject of considerable discussion and debate in most literature. Sons are preferred for a variety of reasons, including family name propagation, old age security, provision of labour, and the performance of ancestral rites (Wolf, 1985 Zhao and Zhu, 1983).Also, the Fifth National Womens Congress (1983) Haupt (1983) Li (1982) Liu (1984) Tien (1985) Wolf (1985) all maintained that traditionally, sons were considered advantageous for two economic reasons, namely support for their parents in old age and the provision of labour for the farm or family business. They argued further that the former is palliate an important consideration in most societies, despite the recent accounting entry of some forms of social security.So much has been compose about social change that it is really not of much use for us to start a process of seeking translations. At the level of the effortless lives of ordinary citizens, it is even doubtful whether our people are really interested, one way or the other, in what intellectual ideas may really be. It is the manifestations of their collective cynicism towards this concept that one feels ought to worry us, unless we are able to capture the reasons for this drift, we run the risk of merely speaking to ourselves.The concept of social change may mean different things to different people, depending on the available indicators in any given social milieu. Many sociologists view social change in the structure of society or alteration of the social structure (Morris Ginsberg, 1958205). Others stress that social change is not only a change in the structure, but also in the operation of society. According to Allen, (197139) social change comprises modifications in social systems or subsystem s in structure, functioning, or process over some period of time.It should be mentioned at this juncture that quiet a number of scholars have adopted a number of different definitions/approaches to the study of social change at various levels. (For more details see Amitai (1964), Appelbaum (1970), DeVries, (1961), Peter, (1966), Moore & Ogburn, (1922), etc. ) In spite of the cynical attitudes of the people about the concept of social change, effort is make to give a working definition of social change within the context of this paper. Social change within the context of this paper can be defined as he transformation of culture and social institutions over time. It should be mentioned at this juncture that our society has experienced social change over the past two or more centuries. Nigeria, like any other country of the world, has changed particularly, in the area of agriculture, urbanization, industrialization, family/personal relationships. Social change has influenced nearly ev ery aspect of our life. Although, we should also mention here that people are not equally affected by these changes.This is because social change affects different people in different ways, depending on sex, age, work experience, location, class, size of cohort, economic resources (individual, familial and national), norms inherited from the past, individuals live experiences and personality. All these are important variables, which determine how individuals are advantaged or disadvantaged by their position. Reasons for having children In many Third ball countries or societies, having a large family is an eminently rational strategy of survival.Childrens labour particularly that of sons is a vital part of the family economy in many peasant communities of Africa in general, and in Nigeria in particular. Children help on the fields, tend animals, fetch water and wood, and care for their younger brothers and sisters passing their parents for other tasks. Quite early in life, children s labour makes them an asset rather than a liability on family income (Betsy Hartman, 1998) . In urban settings, children often earn income as servants, messengers, etc, or else stay at home to care for younger children while their parents work.Among the Yoruba community in Nigeria, demographer John Caldwell (1982) found that even urban professional families benefit from many children through sibling assistance chains. As one child completes education and takes a job, he or she helps younger brothers and sisters move up the educational and employment ladder, thus the connections and the influence of the family spread. Another reason for having many children, according to Cain (1983) is security. According to him, in many Third World societies, the vast majority of the population has no access to insurance schemes, pension plans, or government social security.For instance, in Nigeria, little or nothing is known, give tongue to or done about social security, i. e. about how to set a bout the individual against want, poverty, destitution, disease and idleness which may be thrust upon him by the varied hazards and vicissitudes of social life notably loss or suspension of income or means of sustenance, resulting from sickness, maternity, injury, invalidity, old age, death of a breadwinner or unemployment. According to Nwabueze (1989) there is no clear statement of polity regarding social security and little is spent on it by the state, except in the capacity of the employer.This neglect manifests itself in the hordes of the elderly people engaged in public alms solicitation in our urban cities in the country at large, and most especially in southwestern Nigeria. One of the reasons adduced for the policy neglect is that, children are expected to care for their parents in their old age. Without them, ones future is endangered. The help of grown up children, particularly male children, can then be crucial in surviving the periodic crisis-illness, drought, floods, fo od shortages, land disputes, political upheavals, which, unfortunately, punctuate village life in most split of the world.Folbre (1983) further maintained that, in most developing countries of the world in general, and in Nigeria in particular, son preference can be another important motive for having larger families. The subordination of women means that, economically and socially daughters are less or not valued as highly as sons in many cultures, particularly among the Yoruba of the southwest Nigeria, most especially in the traditional era. Not only does daughters domestic work have less prestige, but daughters typically provide fewer years of productive labour to their parents, and surrender home to live with their husbands and in-laws shortly after puberty.Sons preference, combined with high child and child mortality rates, means that parents must have many children just to ensure that one or two sons survive so as to dish out as old-age security, most especially in the fac e of economic uncertainty. As a corollary to the above point, Lappe et al (1979) maintained that in the 1960s, an Indian couple had to bear an average of 6. 3 children to be confident of having one son who would survive to adulthood.Male dominance in the family, patriarchal social mores, the systematic exclusion of women from the ontogenesis process, and the absence of decent birth control services combine to force many women into having more children than they want. Put differently, the social environment, in effect, leaves them (women) little or no reproductive choice. Thus, there is tendency among them, to have more children in order to guarantee the future of the lineage. Sex Preferences and Worldwide Patterns Parental preference for sons over daughters is a common phenomenon in many parts of the world.Son preference has been well documented in a large number of countries, including Nigeria. But the layer of such preference varies substantially from one country to another, depe nding on such factors as the level of economic development, social norms, level of education, cultural and religious practices, marriage and family systems, degree of urbanization, and the nature of social security systems available. The preference for sons tend to be particularly pronounced in developing countries, in rural areas, and among more traditional couples and couples of tear down socio-economic status.Although son preference is still common even in many economically developed countries (Bennett, 1983), this preference often exists side by side with parents desire to have, at least, one child of each sex. The World Fertility Survey (WFS) found that son preference was moderately strong in Lesotho and the Sudan, and very strong in Jordan and Syria. In Asia, son preference was found to be weak among women from Indonesia (except for the first child). The survey also found a moderate degree of son preference in Malaysia, Thailand, and SriLanka, and son preference was extremely strong in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and South Korea.The WFS result for Asia generally agrees quite closely with the findings of Williamson (1976), who reviewed the literature on sex preferences throughout the world in the mid 1970s (Arnold and Liu 1986). Further, son preference has been found to be prevalent in all East Asia and among groups outside of that neighbourhood that share a heritage of Confucian patriarchal tradition. According to Arnold and Kuo (1984301), son preference in South Korea and Taiwan is both pervasive and extreme.This finding has been corroborate by a number of other studies (see Williamson, 1976 Coombs and Sun, 1981 Cho, Arnold and Kwon, 1982 Chung, Cha, and Lee, 1974). In spite of the foregoing, it should be mentioned that in some countries, couples exhibit little or no son preference, and there are even a few instances in which a preference for daughters has been documented. For example, WFS found that considerably more women wanted a daughter for the ir next child than a son in Jamaica and Venezuela (Cleland, Verrall, and Vaessen, 1983).The WFS also found little or no sex preference of any type in most South America countries, in parts of the Caribbean and in Kenya and so on, to mention but a few (Arnold and Liu, 1986). Sex Preference among the Yoruba Concern among the Yoruba of southwestern United States Nigeria about son preference, as an old age security is a long-standing one. Mao Zedong vividly depicted this problem in a talk with Edgar Snow in 1970. In the country side, a woman still wants a boy child. If the first and second babies are girls, she will make another try. If the third one comes and is still a girl, the mother would try again.Pretty soon, there are nine of them, Then, the mother is already over 45 or so and she finally decides to leave it at that (cited in Katagiri and Terao, 19722). A variety of historical, moral, ethical, and economic factors underlie son preference among the Yoruba of Southwest Nigeria. I n the past, the male patriarch dominated the family in Nigeria, and the practice of ancestor worship gradually developed. Hence, the patriarchal family structure and the resulting strong preference for sons became institutionalized values among the Yoruba.These traditions also stress the importance of carrying on the family line through male progeny. Traditionally, apart from social prestige and the felt need to continue the family line, the existence of sons among the Yoruba is considered advantageous for two economic reasons. These are, support for their parents in old age and the provision of labour for the farm or family business. The former is still an important consideration in Nigeria in general, and among the Yoruba of Southwest in particular, despite the recent introduction of some forms of social security in Nigeria.Other reasons for sex preference among the Yoruba include sons financial contribution to the family income emotional support and the need for sons to meet reli gious obligations, and so on. Finally, the productive utility of sons is still an important factor underlying son preference among the Yoruba, where traditional notions about the appropriate region of labour by sex are still prevalent. Child Sex Preference, Old Age Security and the Welfare of the Elderly. Income in later life may come from a variety of sources, including salary, family members, the children, the state or charity.The balance of these sources has shifted over time as a result of social change, modernization, urbanization, westernization, education of women, more women in formal sector of the economy, coupled with the cracks in the extended family tie and introduction of pension systems by government. In particular, older peoples economic opinion on their children or older peoples reliance on their children as old-age security has declined, allowing them the dignity of financial independence of kin.The twenty-first century has seen a dramatic shift in the sources of income of older people in both industrialized and non-industrialized countries of the world, but the changes differ profoundly according to gender. For men, the change has been from mainly earnings to mainly pensions, while for women, the change has mainly been from reliance on family members (particularly the children), to income from private business and the support from the spouse.Heavy reliance on private support and support from spouses have not guaranteed or ensured womens economic security in later life and this has further led to gender inequality of income among older people (Ginn, 2001). Having said the foregoing, it is germane to mention that the old-age security and child sex (gender) preference are two highly controversial hypotheses regarding the influence of household fertility and welfare in less-developed and developing countries of the world such as Nigeria.The old-age security guessing postulates that in environments where parents face uncertainty about the abil ity to support themselves during old age, they would expect such support from their children (Raut, 199681-104). This motive could be strong particularly in rural areas of less-developed or developing countries such as Nigeria, particularly among rural dwellers of the Yoruba of Southwest Nigeria where available resources both financial and physical (materials) tend to yield low or negative interest.Therefore, these are not able to provide for parents needed welfare at old age, so that children may provide a more efficient hedge against old age disability risks (Raut, 1985 1990 1992 Nerlove and Raut, 1995 Cain, 1981 1983 Nerlove, Razin, and Sadka, 1987 and Nugent, 1985). The gender preference hypothesis postulates that parents exhibit preference for having children of a particular sex. In most developing or less-developed societies, parents seem to have preference for sons rather than daughters. The preference for sons may be rooted purely in taste and cultural values or it could be the outcome of some economic calculations.For instance, sons generally stay with their parents, while daughters are married off to another household or family, so that sons tend to provide better support in old-age as well as make up current household income. The extent to which the preference for sons occurs as an economic response to underdeveloped capital markets and incomplete risk markets has been a long-standing issue in economic demography literature. Ben Porath and Welch (1976) Heer (1983) and Leung (1988) have examined the consequences of this motive for population growth, and sex ratio.Also, the consequences of child sex preference (sons preference) on the allocation of human capital and bequest among children have been discussed by Behrman, Pollak and Taubman, (1982). Generally, children are expected to provide long term net benefit streams by supplying labour for family enterprises, generating monetary income stream, providing for old-age security, and acting as a form of insurance. In a setting of risk and uncertainty, parents engage in strategies to influence the pattern and guarantee the reliability of long-term intergenerational benefit flows.Such self-interested strategies to promote parental well-being at old age include conditional inheritance benefits, practices controlling the mobility of children, and sex differentiated educational and nutritional investments. According to Fapounda et al (1988), western African parents invest more in the education of male children since the financial returns on their education are relatively high. On the other hand, parents are more oriented towards the receipt of a one-time financial payment, a bride price, from the marriage of their daughters than to an economically uncertain investment in their daughters schooling (Fapounda et al 1988).Caldwell further maintained that, in rural Nigeria, for example, one of the reasons for sons preference is that, male children (boys) produce more than they consume b y the age of ten to thirteen and by the age of fifteen their impart production has exceeded their cumulative life-time consumption. Although, female children (girls) likewise perform a number of valuable economic tasks, which include helping their mothers with cooking and the post-harvest processing of crops etc. , this is unimportant when compared to the contributions of their male counterparts to the family economy (Caldwell, 1982).Today, the expected increase in the absolute number and proportion of the elderly raises serious concerns about their welfare in the country, particularly given the absence of social security scheme and formal social welfare services for the old in most African countries. A number of studies have therefore, focused on examining the extent to which the family is involved in providing assistance to the elderly (Peil, 1995 Apt and Katila, 1994 and Togonu-Bickersteth, 1989, 1997). All confirm that the families, particularly children, are the principal sou rce of old-age support in the various African countries studied.It has also been found that assistance is usually offered by children to ensure some level of physical and economic survival for their elderly to the extent that the former can afford. By contrast, parents in industrialized countries and their affluent counterparts among Third World urban elite have much less need to rely on children either for labour or old-age security. The economics of family size changes as income goes up, until children become a financial burden instead of an asset (Folbre, 1983). According to him, when children are in school, for example, they no longer serve as a source of labour.Instead parents must pay for their education, as well as for their other needs, which cost far more in a high consumption society than in a peasant village. And there is often no guarantee that parents investment will buy the future loyalty of a grown up child. As economist Nancy Folbre (1983) noted, The gift of educatio n, unlike a bequest, cannot be made contingent upon conformity to certain expectations. Once given, it can hardly be revoked.In industrialized societies personal savings, pension plans, and overnment programs replace children as the basic forms of social security. These social changes fundamentally alter the value of children, making it far more rational from an economic standpoint, to limit family size. Folbre (1983) also argued that as the value of children decreases, male heads of households are more willing to allow their wives to work outside the home, since the contribution of their wages to the family economy now exceeds the value of their household work. This further spurs low demand for children and less craze sex preference of a particular child.

Assessment of Patient’s Perceptions Essay

Caring has been widely discussed in the health c atomic material body 18 professions, especially in nursing which is considered to be one of the caring professions (Boykin and Schoenhofer 2001). Watson (1985) describes caring as a moral appraisall of nursing. According to Watson, caring preserves human dignity in cure dominated health c are systems and becomes a standard by which cure is measured (Watson 1988c, p. 177). Research literature indicates that the assessment of quality of care from the patients perspective has been operationalised as patient happiness (Dufrene 2000).Nurse caring has been connect to patient satisfaction in western literature (Wolf et al 2003 Wolf et al 1998 Forbes and Brown 1995 Boyle et al 1989). There are so many factors that regularise patients perceptions of care given by the opposite sex. Some of these are Age, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic and health status. The most consistent finding has been related to age. one-time(a) patients tend to b e more satisfied with their health care. Studies that have looked at ethnicity have generally held that being a member of a minority pigeonholing is associated with minusculeer rates of satisfaction.Studies on the effect of gender show that women tend to be less satisfied and other studies show the opposite. Most studies have lay out that individuals of lower socio-economic status and less education tend to be less satisfied with their health care. Other studies have shown that poorer satisfaction with care is associated with experiencing worry, depression, fear or hopelessness, as is having a psychiatric diagnosis such as schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder or drug abuse. Health status can greatly influence satisfaction of an individual (Hall, 1990).It is important to examine the relationships of nurse caring to patient satisfaction in Cape Coast because of severe staff shortages, heavy workload, and low salaries in Cape Coast Hospitals. Nursing literature had prospici ent recognized importance of these perceptions as major factors militating against prompt and effective service delivery in the care environment. One of the critical roles and ethics of the nurse is to treat all patients irrespective of their gender, colour, creed, political inclination and religious affiliations. High quality nurse-client communication is the backrest of the art and science of nursing.It has a significant impact on patient well-being as well as the quality and outcome of nursing care, and is related to patients overall satisfaction with their care. The maintenance of high nurse patient communication also depends on the nurse and patient. The quality of care in a hospital has been shown to be influenced by several factors including inadequate nursing staff, lack of regular water supply on wards, too much nursing documentation, too long waiting time, and lack of specialized nurses. In Ghana, on that point is crisis in nurse-client communication evidence from four sources.These are personal observation, anecdotes from client and their families, media reports, and official health reports. Although there is ample evidence to demonstrate that most nurses are females, one cannot discount the enormous services that male nurses provide irrespective of their gender. The ever increasing number of female nurses compared to male nurses in our wards, coupled with patient dissatisfaction toward treatment received has raised a lot of questions as to whether there is a perceived idea that male nurses offer better care or otherwise.With the introduction of Health Insurance a few years ago, more patients report to the hospital and are also consciously aware of their rights and responsibilities as patients and hence will demand for better service delivery from care givers. Recently, patient dissatisfaction has been on the ascendancy in several hospitals across Ghana including University of Cape Coast Hospital. This has raised a lot of concerns about the perce ptions patients have regarding the care given by male nurses.

1920s Good Times or Bad Times Essay

For many another(prenominal) decades, there were numerous arguments stating whether the Roaring 20s were good times or bad times in Canadian history. Although there were many clear reasons that supported both sides of the argument, I believe that the 1920s were good times. The Roaring 20s were times of economic and social boom. New inventions which are cool off in effect(p) part of our lives in 21st century, growing power of multimedia and entertainment, and current form of industrial variety with mass production all originated from 1920s.Moreover, the entrepreneurs and industrializing dutyes especially in the central Canada or in the cities were successful. Lastly, stock marketplace was rising gradually until the very late 1920s, until it collapsed. The 1920s were surely the comfortable time of Canadian history. first off of all, corking inventions and discoveries were do during 1920s. These fascinating discoveries and inventions had made significant impacts and brought changes in peoples everyday lives. Some of the essential items that we use every day were inventions made in the 1920s, such as vacuums and dishwashers.The three major discoveries and inventions that I believe were the greatest out of all which still are being used forthwith are insulin, private automobiles, and communicate. Insulin was the first effective medical manipulation towards diabetes. Diabetes was one of the major diseases that had killed many people around the world during 1920s. Proper and effective treatments towards diabetes were call for as soon as possible. In 1921 at University of Torontos labratory, Dr. Fredrick Banting with help of his co-leagues and students succeeded isolating insulin which is a hormone from the dog.Bantings idea was to sprout the isolated insulin to the patients body since the reason diabetes is being caused is because of the scarcity of the insulin in ones body. The results of insulin were astonishing Banting and his colleagues had succe ssfully created new treatment for diabetes. Fredrick Banting was therefore rewarded with highest praise, the Nobel Prize in physiology, and became the first Canadian to ever receive the Nobel Prize in physiology. Insulin is still the best medicine available towards diabetes in modern days.Private automobiles, such as Model T was produced in large quantities by mass production which was caused by modern industrial revolution during 1920s. The method of assembly line made this mass production possible. With private automobiles, distant families could easily connect with each other. Private automobiles had aim brought new era of transportation system. In addition, the price of the private automobiles was bonny. and then every average Canadian family had enough money to afford an automobile if they wanted to.The cars, highways, traffic lights, and so on that we see every day had originated from the 1920s. The invention of the radio was fascinating. It allowed people to connect with t he world even in contradictory regions, allowed important messages to be desex out to big population in short amount of time, and lastly made the gap between the cities and the countryside smaller. Radio was the tool that allowed people in remote regions, such as farmers to be connected to the world, issues, and so on. It has helped many Canadians to be less isolated and lonely.Radio excessively marked the beginning of the mass media revolution. It was the radio which influenced televisions, computers, and phones, and so on to be created. All of these great discoveries and inventions I have mentioned were created in 1920s, and they are still very effective part of our lives in modern days. 1920s surely was a very productive decade and was essential towards the development of the World including Canada. The 1920s were the starting point of the Mass Media Revolution. Mass media brought spurt trends, music, games, etc. along with them.Canadians were still in despair and in depressi on during the 1910s afterward WWI. Canadians approach high unemployment rates as many soldiers came back from the war, and they were also faced with the sorrow due the loss of the loved ones through the war. It was the mass media and the entertainment which helped Canada to forget about the hard times and to recover. Multimedia such as live broadcasts from new invention radio fascinated the Canadians. They could tune in to different channels in order to listen to many different types of programs.They could meet the music, live broadcast of the hockey game, live entertainment session with the comedian, and so on. The farmers in remote regions in prairies could even hear the live broadcast of the Maple clicks match Radio therefore has contributed a lot towards the rescript such as connecting the nation together, sending out information, entertainment, and so on. Secondly, the new tight pace and grooves of the jazz music and new trends of dances were appealing towards the younger generations, and were very popular.These types of music could also have been easily accessed through the multimedia such as radio. Thirdly, the younger generations were also fascinated by the new fashion trends from New York, and other regions in United States. Woman who were extremely in to these fashion trends were called flappers. They have cut their hair short, rolled down their silk stockings, rose the hem- lines, and so on. Flappers believed in the unique characteristics of them and admired the new fashion trends. Lastly, new games such as Mah-Jong from China, and crossword puzzles from U. S. ere also very popular since they could be easily played by anyone. Without these entertainments and power of multimedia, the variety of multimedia we see everyday perhaps might not have existed. Moreover, these entertainments, and new trends has helped Canada get over the hardships of the post war economy and its effects. Entertainments and multimedia played big role in encouraging the p eople, which helped the economy to boom. During the 1920s, the modern industrial revolution began. The idea of mass production was made possible due to the new assembly line system.Industrial revolution affected some every aspect of peoples lives in 1920s. Private automobiles like model Ts were made on assembly lines at Ford Factories. The stock market of the industries has boomed and reached the highest points. The prices of the stocks during 1920s were considered impossible just a decade before, which proves how high the quality of the economy in Canada would have been during the 1920s. Canadas economy has emergenced significantly and great parts of the central Canada had developed gradually in 1920s as well.It was said to be the aureate years for the people in the cities, especially to the entrepreneurs and business men. As more money was gained, more money was spent and the development and enhancements were possible. This is how Canada has developed so much in 1920s, despite the depressing years they had faced earlier, which were 1910s due to the World War I. It was true that not everyone was happy during 1920s. Almost every farmer in remote regions has suffered greatly during the 1920s.The grain prices has dropped 50% after the WWI, and the new laws made by the government such as tariffs were only focused towards the workers in the cities, therefore farmers faced economical hardship. However I still believe that the 1920s were golden years to Canada. First of all, the majority of the Canadians were living in major cities, and was involved with the major industrializing economy and services. The farmers in Canada were the minority group. Therefore I believe that it was fair for government to set their focus on majority and support them as much as they could since the majorities were growing with gradual speed.Secondly, the farmers had their golden years during the 1910s, for example, the productivity of the grain industry, fishery, and forestry has grow n almost twice in sizes and the prices of these products has also greatly increased during 1910s, or WWI. This decade was also a crushing decade towards the industrial economy due to the WWI. Therefore, I believe that the farmers should be able to accept the fact that it was the other part of the economys magical spell to grow. Lastly, some good came out towards the farmers during 1920s as well.Although farmers were facing hardship, they still appreciated the new inventions, such as radio and private automobiles because they were very helpful. These inventions allowed farmers in remote regions to be connected with the world. All the new forms of entertainments were also appealing to farmers as well, such as Jazz music, talkies which were talking movies, and so on. Therefore I believe that the 1920s werent so bad for farmers as well since they have gained a lot during 1910s, and farmers also were influenced positively with the new inventions, trends and entertainments.The Roaring 2 0s were golden times, especially when compared with the war times during 1910s, and the great depression, Dirty Thirties which the Canadians would soon face. The new fascinating and significant discoveries and inventions, multimedia revolution, new forms of entertainment, and lastly gradual increase in the industrialization economy and services made the 1920s to be successful. Although some visible minorities has faced hardship, it was their sacrifice which made the boom of the economy possible.It was reasonable for the government to support the majority if they had to choose only one group to set their focus in order to develop the countrys economy. I believe that 1920s were a lot more than just a golden era. I believe that 1920s were the cornerstone of the revolutionary development which has helped us reach the society which we currently live in. We should never forget about the efforts and sacrifices that people had contributed for us, and we should also contribute with our best effort to create better society for our future generations.

Hr Functions of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

HR Functions of St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital Lucinda West HSA320 November 12, 2012 Professor Dorothy Moore isolated University Introduction The organization chosen is St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital (SJCRH). St. Jude is the initiative institution established for the sole purpose of conducting basic and clinical research and intervention into catastrophic nipperhood diseases, mainly cancer. SJCRH opened on February 4, 1962 and was founded by the late entertainer Danny Thomas. Its mission is to find cures for children with cancer and other catastrophic diseases through research and treatment.St. Jude was the starting institution to develop a cure for sickle st tout ensemble disease with a bone marrow transplant and has one of the largest pediatric sickle cell programs in the country. St. Jude has developed protocols that have helped push over every last(predicate) survival rates for childhood cancers from less than 20 percent when the hospital opened in 1962 to 80 pe rcent today. St. Jude researchers and doctors are treating children with pediatric AIDS, as well as using new drugs and therapies to fight infections. No family ever pays St. Jude for anything (Hospital).Challenges Based on the data I have collected, some of the possible challenges SJCRH can face as a endpoint of Harassment, Increase in pay, and Labor Unions are the following. There is a credibleness gap between Human Resources, Executive Management, and the other organizational departments. There are people in HR with a variety of background bringing up and skill sets that are not necessarily specialized towards the field they occurrently hold. Individuals come into HR management with their past experiences as a psychologist or clerical supervisor to name a few.The previous experience they bring to the table normally sets the tone for their current outlook in HR. As a result of the changes to the Americans with Disabilities Act, persons with disabilities can expect to work in s afe surroundings without macrocosm discriminated against on the basis of age, gender, race, religion national origin, or personal p carry onence. Specialists in stipend monitor an organizations wage structure to ensure that pay equity exists passim an organization.They recommend changes in the wage structure that are unchanging with pay changes in the local community, industry, and individual occupations as necessary (Fallon & McConnell, 2007). Line jitneys believe that HR hinders progress by frequently obstructing what a department manager wants or needs to do. HR utilizes the policy and regulations to further pad their case as to why certain things requested by the line staff cannot top (Fallon & McConnell, 2007). An executive level of management has a say in the payroll system. This arrangement is uncommon since this practice is commonly a part of finance or the HR department.Naturally there is breathing out to be some form of conflict. Additional challenges in managing th e relationship between HR and Labor Unions are, labor relations becomes a part of HR when there is an issue that has to be resolved. Labor unions do not see HR as a cohesive unit that should level off play a part in their bargaining process. They see HR as the enemy. In HRs defense they hold and know the policies, regulations, & bylaws that everyone (Labor Unions & HR) has to domiciliate by in order for it to a fair and just decision regarding the employee(s). Impact of Rules/LawsTherefore invoking The Civil Rights Act (Title VII) (1964) has led to greater regulation of the employer-employee relationship by the government. The Act prohibits setting limits, segregating or classifying employees or applicants for employment in any way that deprives them of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affects their status as employees because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Ethics are valuable in any situation involving management. HR involves people and their m eans of earning a living, the importance of ethics increases.Ethical behavior is taught to students throughout their schooling. Re judgementers of the importance of conducting lives in an ethical manner are important. Ethics is an underlying priority to all involved in the implementation of electronic medical records. wellness professionals are in favor of electronic medical and substantially believe ethics is an integral part in health oversee and technology. wellness organizations must last out committed to quality, privacy, and ethics. Continuous education of employees on these issues, ethics will remain a consistent principle in healthcare and technology.Another law and regulation that is going to affect SJCRH is the wellness Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996). HIPPA consists of five sections or titles. Titles I, III, IV, and V address the issue of continuity and the ability to renew health amends coverage for employees who change employers or otherwise los e their jobs, promote the use of medical savings accounts, and establish standards for long term care coverage. HIPAA eliminated the possibility of individuals being denied coverage because of pre-existing medical conditions. It further requires insurance companies to provide coverage for small employer groups or to ndividual employees who lose their group coverage. The significant section of HIPAA has been title 2, Preventing Health Care Fraud and Abuse, Administrative Simplification, and Medical Liability Reform. The Privacy Rule has affected nearly all health care plans and all health care providers. Physicians offices, hospitals, laboratories, pharmacies, dentists, medical equipment dealers, billing services and others providing administrative services have all been required to implement systems designed to protect patient information in all forms.All subcontractors and suppliers coming into contact with patient information must comply with the Privacy Rule. Developmental Tools Healthcare employees expect their employers to provide Infrastructure, HR practices and support which are relate to improved performance especially in relation to patient care and service innovations. Public service values may be a strong determinant of performance as it relates to patients, moderating potential short-term adverse effects of unmet expectations of the employer. Training is imperative.There has to be a shift in the orientation of the healthcare personnel. Extensive direction is required through in-service and basic training. The experience of their role as simply delivering government health programs needs to be changed to being agents of health development. They need to be sensitive to the local needs. In addition to technical skills, they will need social skills to negotiate with other sectors, and communication skills for organization and empowerment of communities. Initial collaboration between the employee and the employer are vital.Meeting with the employer to gain an understanding of what is expected from the employee from the onslaught of the relationship is a vital key to forming and maintaining conformity and cohesiveness amongst them. Establishing hebdomadary or bi-weekly meetings would foster a positive and uniform working relationship that would ultimately benefit the organization in the long run. Best Practices What is most important in position description is the job analysis. This would include a detailed breakdown of a particular position description.It is vital that all of the most current duties of a particular position be included in this description because at some point the HR Manager will have to refer back to the details of the position. If all of the details are not included the organization is left vulnerable to accusations of discrimination (Fallon & McConnell, 2007). A recruiting best practice would be to advertise internally then externally and having local job fairs at conferences, colleges and universities. The re are four (4) suggestions for recruitment and retention.One (1) attract a new contemporaries of workers. Attracting younger generations to the healthcare workforce is essential to maintaining staffing levels and bringing fresh ideas to the organization. Younger generations are drawn to high-tech fields and seek work-life balance. Keep in mind the recruitment of younger workers may require a shift in traditional recruiting techniques to include such social media outlets as Twitter. Second, focus on hiring the mightily people. Behavior-based interviewing versus skill-based interviewing can build effective, long-term teams.Peer interviewing provides additional insight into whether a candidate may be the right person for the job. Third, seek feedback. Conduct 30- and 90-day interviews to gauge the perception of new hires. This will enable timely action if expectations are not being met. Fourth, provide a competitive benefits package. Appropriate compensation is a must, and clearly goes a long way. Organizations can enhance benefit packages by offering on-site child care, concierge services, flex scheduling and housing allowance, among other things (Jarousse, 2012).Conclusion SJCRH is the first of its kind to benefit not only the parents because their child is being treated by the best at no cost to them, but also to the child because they are the number one priority of the hospital not the amount the hospital can milk the family for. Some of the challenges they will face are as a result of harassment, pay increase, and Labor unions. Human Resources, the executive level of management, and the other departments are not as cohesive as they should be because they should all have the same goal in mind.The laws and regulations enacted have all been designed to protect the patient and their personal information. References Fallon, L. F. , Jr. and C. R. McConnell, 2007. Human Resources Management in Health Care Principles and Practice. Sudbury Jones and Bartlett, (Oc tober 2012). Hospital, St. Jude Childrens Hospital Research. Quick Facts about St. Jude. Memphis, October 2012. Jarousse, (2012). Best Practices for Recruitment and Retention. American Hospital Association Health Forum 2

On the black hill family and identity Essay

The fact that they remained bachelors, disrespect Lewis desperate foresighteding for a woman in his life story, is also the work of Mary, who, knowing that Benjamin volition never want to marry, made Lewis promise never to marry unless Benjamin did too. Lewis is identified by his love of aviation and longing for adventure, save he is tied d aver by family obligations. He is aware that his life would be different if not for the inescapable bond binding him to Benjamin, stating Sometimes, I lie call down and wonder whatd happen if him werent thereThen Id have had my own life, like? Had kids? Ironically, it is his family that sets him free in the end and satisfies his desire for an heir and an adventure. This comes in the form of Kevin Redpath, the twins long lost nephew, who comes back to inherit the farm and also give Lewis an opportunity to do what he had eer desired, to fly an aeroplane. These ten magnificent minutes completes the missing piece of Lewis identity, and all t he frustrations of his cramped and frugal life now counted for nothing.No some new(prenominal) family is described in such detail as the Joneses, but their neighbours, the Watkinses from The judder also shows how a family-style group affects the identities of the individuals in the family. The Watkins family is a rather complicated family, for Tom and Aggie Watkins toilet not have kids of their own and hence resort to adoption. The Watkinses show that despite having no biological ties, the family surround stub also affect the characters and lives of individuals.The Watkins family is a typical poor low-class Welsh family, and the adopted children consist of Jim, Ethel, Sarah, Lizzie and Brennie hence turn out to be uneducated children, If anyone said, He was raised at The Rock , or She was reared at The Rock, you knew for sure the child was illegitimate or loony. This shows that the family environment plays a big part in who they are, and how other people view them. In the end , Sarah, Lizzie and Brennie all marry off and escape from The Rock.Lizzie sour The Rock did not exist, and while Sarah still kept an eye on The Rock, her one considerable affright was of lapsing into poverty, clearly a fear born out of her experience of childishness poverty. Lizzie and Sarah are ideals of the opposite behavior which family can affect children instead of falling into the patterns of the family themselves, the children choose to escape and fear these patterns. This opposing respond to family pattern is also evident in David Maloufs Fly A means Peter, where Jim Saddler fears of get his fathers savagery and tries to keep it at arms length.On the other hand, Jims biological children seem to inherit his traits. For example, Ethels countersign Alfie was identified as Jims son for the lad had Jims carroty hair and cauliflower ears. Alfie also grew up simple, the result of acquire the combination of both Jim and Ethels mental disabilities. As the novel progresses, J im has another child, this time Mrs. Muskers. His daughter trillion is even more like him she grows up to share his love for animals, mistrust of outsiders. She even speaks like him, and clings to The Rock with fierce determination and optimism.Like the twins, Megs identity is shaped greatly by her parent, and she continues his air of life even after his death. The Bickerton family is one of the more minor families in On the Black Hill. A high-class English family, the Bickertons owned the Lurkenhope estate and hence was possibly the most powerful family in the village. In contrast to the Watkinses, the family environment of the Bickertons is wealthy, refined, and educated, and hence the children of Colonel and Mrs. Bickerton, Reggie, Nancy and Isobel, are naturally identified as figures of the higher class.As a result, Reggie grows up to be an arrogant and overly-confident young man and went to war with a head full of chilvaric notions of transaction to caste and country. These chilvaric notions are most likely the influence of Colonel Bickerton, who has been persuading all young men to vie for their country. Even after coming home crippled, he made light of his injuries with upper-class stoicism and his domineering treatment of Rosie Fifield shows that his arrogance hasnt changed.On the other hand, his sister Nancy Bickerton shows traits of Mrs. Bickertons like the way her mother seeks order in Mary, Nancy is bored by the gentry and finds great pleasure in the twins visits. Even the way she offers tea to the twin reflects her mothers China or Indian? Nancy is hence another example of an identity shaped by her parent and upbringing. Thus the identity-shaping forces of family are quite evident in the families of On the Black Hill.These are clearly portrayed through the characters of the Joneses twins Lewis and Benjamin, whose identities and lives are clearly shaped by their order of birth, their roles in the farm and the house, the traits they inherit f rom their parents, their upbringing, as well as their bond to each other. Their way of living even after the death of Amos and Mary reveal how the impact of these family dynamics can kick the bucket forever, also portrayed through the way Meg or Nancy each inherit their parents traits and behaviours.On the other hand, these impacts can also have an opposite effect, as shown by Lizzie and Sarah in the way they try to conflict against the Watkinses family pattern of poverty-stricken lives by leaving The Rock. Through On the Black Hill, Chatwin patently demonstrates the relationship among ones identity and family, reinforcing the notion that our families make us who we are today. Show preview however The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

An Analysis Of ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ By Ernest Hemingway Essay

Hills the bid exsanguine Elephants is a very clever tier written by a journalist, freightercelled ambulance driver, turned military, turned prose and fiction writer. Ernest Hemingway was popular for his novels and ill-judged stories, exactly before he entertained his passion for the art of mythtelling, he worked for the Kansas City Star as a reporter he was excessively an ambulance driver during World contend I and enlisted in the Italian infantry.He took every opportunity to wield the pen, in fact, after the state of war he worked for the Toronto Star. Hemingway was more in love with the pen than with the musket as during the Spanish Civil War and the support World War, he change surface worked as a new-mades correspondent. This brilliant writer produced barional pieces of publications that are cherished for their quality to this day such as Death in the Afternoon, The atomic number 19 Hills of Africa, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man an d the Sea.Hemingway drew from his experiences in the motifs of his pieces which ordinarily had masculine motifs like hunting, war, and other activities associated with the masculine gender. For some strange reason, however, Hemingway committed suicide in 1961. His kit and boodle of short fiction were far better than his novels however it is with his novels that he built a reputation for himself. Hills like White Elephants is one of his short stories that rather reflects the skill of Hemingway as a fictionist.Hills like white Elephants is a piece of literature that demonstrates what is known to literaturists as literary control in tackling the important theme which is abortion. It is a yarn that addresses a very sensitive issue with the use of wholeegory and a philosophical court to fiction known as existentialism.The story Hills like White Elephants is a relatively short short story that is ridden with symbolism for all its worth, it might have as well been a piece of poetry , if not for its obvious narrative style. It is round ii individuals, an unnamed American and gigue who have a interchange over some drinks at a train station in Spain.The matter of their discussion is unknown at first, and becomes clear to be abortion later on. The piece is a silent commentary roughly the difference of views amid males and females in general as well as the poignant reaction of some(prenominal) genders to news that may or may not change ones way of life. In this cross story, Hemingway utilise the third person perspective to give the audience a sense of distance when reading the story. By this, it means that the audience, instead of closely associating themselves with the characters in the story, would instead, identify themselves on a different level, thus, giving even the subject matter of the story a metaphorical feel, despite its being a tangible and quite material issue.This distinct level of identification in the story because of the narrative is a t echnique apply by most writers to create a more general feel to the story so that the audience, in reading the story, does not have to attach themselves to a particular detail and identify with that detail. Noticeably so, this similar quality of the story is overly achieved by Hemingways use of direct, relatively short sentences for the communication of the twain characters. This technique, again, gives the story a distinct indifferent feel.It allows the reader to explore the story on various levels instead of just zooming into one particular aspect of the story. It also prevents the audience from succumbing to the temptation of making specific conclusions about the story early on from the temptation of simply disregarding other details in the story and focusing on the main subject matter, which is abortion. Even this particular issue is never mentioned in the piece, except in the form of symbols and collateral statements from the characters.This particular style of writing, wh ere the writer skimps on words, and instead, attaches multi-level meanings to the text is known as literary control. The main theme of abortion is addressed in this particular style, to begin with the title itself, Hills like White Elephants. (Hemingway, 1950) The title, which is illustrated more in the first paragraph of the story which come acrosss the setting, acquires a new level of variant from the passage, The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. (Hemingway, 1950) and the young wo military reality go bys to describe the barren landscape, They look like white elephants. (Hemingway, 1950)What this does in particular is it foreshadows the main theme of the story by presenting something decrepit or useless. White elephants are real to be symbols of huge structures that are not functional, and in the way this particular phrase is used to describe the hills in the story, it takes on a different meaning that the hills, barren and dry, supposedly representat ions of abundance and fertility, are plainly white or ineffectual on a superficial level.This particular style combines twain argue images, that of fertility in the hills, and emptiness, in the perception of Jig. What this does is it confirms Jigs pregnancy, but alludes to this pregnancy being empty, in the sense that she feels that her pregnancy is meaningless, if not to her, to her lover. The accent in the conversation is given another push with the macrocosms remark about Jigs description of the hills, Ive never seen one (white elephant). (Hemingway, 1950) whence Jig responds, No, you wouldnt have. (Hemingway, 1950) On the level that has been discussed, this particular exchange in their conversation basically presents the valet de chambre as being indifferent not only to the feelings of Jig but to the concept of emptiness and aloneness that other than not being able to sense how Jig is feeling at the moment, he also is naturally and habitually indifferent, selfish, even.Th is early in the story, there is also an indication as to the personality of Jig being very dependent and attached to the service gay because of her requiring his approval first before she does anything in having a drink, she asks, What should we drinkCould we try it (Anis del Toro)? (Hemingway, 1950) and when she is asked if she would take the drink with piss, she asks (addressing the piece), I dont knowIs it good with water? (Hemingway, 1950)These statements from the young woman show how valuable the mans approval of her decisions is. These show the weightiness of the mans decisions even with matters concerning Jig. This particular exchange also gives the audience an idea of how the tone will be when the main issue of abortion comes into play. At this point, the girl also senses the indifference of the man and indicates this with the line, Everything tastes like licorice. Especially the things youve waited so long for, like absinthe. (Hemingway, 1950)The girl here makes an indi rect reference to their modus vivendi that nothing is new with them and suddenly, when something new happens she gets pregnant the man refuses to accept the change. In particular, this also gives a slight indication that the girl wants to continue the pregnancy when she implied that it is a change that she waited so long for (Hemingway 1950) This adaptation is further strengthened when the girl remarks, Thats all we do, isnt it look at things and try new drinks? (Hemingway, 1950)Another indication as to the lifestyle of this couple comes later in the story, with the authors description of the bags at the station, He did not pronounce anything but looked at the bags against the wall of the station. There were labels on them from all the hotels where they had spent nights. (Hemingway, 1950) This description of the bags creates the imagery of the owners of the bags being people who are on a pleasure trip from one place to another. Bags are also used here to represent the emotion al or mental baggage that the man is carrying as a consequence of the pregnancy of Jig.When the man finally reveals in the story that he wants Jig to have an abortion, in the passage, Its really an awfully simple operation, Jig, Its not really an operation at all. (Hemingway, 1950), the tension begins to rise, and more symbols emerge. Of course, with this remark from the man, the girl becomes silent and does not react.However, her first line after this revelation is because what will we do afterward? (Hemingway, 1950) Basically, what this does is it amplifies the emptiness of the woman in relation to the abortion her asking what to do afterwards (Hemingway, 1950) shows that she does not see anything after the abortion that everything after the abortion is covered in haze. The man further refers to the pregnancy as something that has made them both unhappy (Hemingway, 1950), in response, the girl takes hold of 2 strings of form from the bead curtain and says, And you think then well be all right and be happy.. (Hemingway, 1950)However, note that although the girl almost validates the statement of the man regarding the pregnancy, notice the action of holding the beads period this can easily be passed off as an unconscious musing, it could also be symbolic for supplicant. Beads are derived from the old Middle English word bede which means prayer. The string of beads as described very much look like the ones in rosaries hence, it could be interpreted that although the girl seems to agree with the man, she is praying or hoping against all hope that abortion was not the solution to their problem.The girl is at a loss for words at this point and refers back to the white elephants in her earlier exchange with the man specifically pointing out his earlier reaction to this remark, But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and youll like it? (Hemingway, 1950) Now, if the prior interpretation of white elephants being emp tiness is applied to this statement, it becomes quite sarcastic as opposed to the tone at which it is said the girl here is submitting to the man and implying that she will be empty with the abortion, but will the man like her in this state, anyway? The man responds, Ill love it. I love it now but I just cant think about it. (Hemingway, 1950) Slowly, from their exchanges, a brute nature emerges from the man, insensitive, and indifferent. Their conversation then continues on to indicate that the girl will be having the abortion but not because she wants it, but because this would make her man happy, also implying that her own happiness is not a matter of concern, because she has put the mans happiness before her own this she conveyed with the lines, Then Ill do it. Because I dont care about me. (Hemingway, 1950) Here we can see that a resolution is not met between the two characters, only a submission, which, by the way, is against the will of the lady.The author alludes to the lady s desire of having the child when he put in a description of the scenery at the other side of the station which, in this story, represents a crux or a point of decision. The station here is symbolic of a tour point in both of the lives of the characters, and so, the author, earlier, describes that the hills are dry and barren, part at the other side of the station, were palm of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. (Hemingway, 1950)All these images represent fertility, life, and renewal, and at this point also, when the lady sees this particular scenery, she experiences a change of heart and realizes that she should at least take another chance at persuade the man that the abortion will leave her empty, which should be the main issue between the two of them, if the man was sensitive enough. This realization is clear in their rapid exchange of lines, I said we could have everything./We can have everything./No, we cant./We can ha ve the whole world./No, we cant./We can go everywhere./No, we cant. It isnt ours any more./Its ours./No, it isnt. And once they take it away, you never get it back. (Hemingway, 1950)In this exchange, it is evident how totally misrelated the mans arguments are in relation to the girls. Here, they dont really accumulate each other in terms of what they are talking about. This not meeting of minds has another indirect symbol in the railroad tracks which are parallel and never meet. Notice the last statement of the girl in the above exchange in this particular line, she is referring to the child in her womb, while earlier on in the conversation, the man is actually referring to the material and carnal pleasures that they had both been enjoying.The man says that they can have all these, but the lady disagrees. In the end, there is no closure in their argument and Hemingway leaves the audience suspension as to whether the girl decides to have the abortion or not. What is known, however , is that in the end, the girl indicates that she is all right (Hemingway, 1950) considering her previous arguments, then it can be assumed that she will not be going for the abortion.While the story is fairly simple in its presentation, it tackles a very deep philosophy known as existentialism, fittingly so because the writer lived in an era when this philosophy was in force. Despite the girls apparent submission to the mans will in this story, she actually exercises her individual existence and choice two very basic concepts of existentialism.From the text, it is evident how the lady struggles to assert her own individual set of beliefs, and how she, although in a very subtle way, dismisses the mans arguments in favor of her own set of beliefs and her freedom to choose. So, while we can easily say that for a superficial reader, the story is just an exchange of conversation between two people regarding an abortion, the symbols and the clever use of language comes into play to coax the reader to digest the story and interpret it a different level at which level, the references to existentialism become clear.In closing, the story is so a hotbed of symbolism and a classic example of literary control. It does not spoon-feed the audience nor takes all the thought away from the reader. It very discreetly, but very accurately infers various meanings into the text by way of allegory, and deep presents the idea of existentialism simply by playing around with the conversation of two people, the introduction of a sensitive matter, and finally, the unspoken assertion of the lady of her individual nature and her own freedom.ReferencesHemingway, E. (1950). Hills like White Elephants. 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